摘要
遏制大规模侵害个人信息是保障自然人个人信息权益、维护公共利益和社会秩序、调整失衡的企业和个人力量、规制互联网竞争生态的需要。对于遏制大规模侵害个人信息,民事追责与刑事定罪均有局限;强化行政执法有必要性,其关键是实施高额罚款。基于贝叶斯纳什均衡等经济分析可知,高额罚款对遏制大规模侵害个人信息是有效的。鉴于欧盟和美国的实践,我国宜对中外企业平等适用高额罚款,以顺应全球个人信息保护的强监管趋势。在现有体制下,赋予网信办实施高额罚款的行政处罚权,并由其负责建立联合执法机制,符合新时代党和国家机构改革面向和依法治国要求。罚款的具体数额应在参考受害人数量、损害大小及侵害公共利益的严重程度等因素基础上,根据大、中、小、微四种不同规模企业的年度平均营业收入进行计算。为保护行政相对人的基本权利,还应规定相应的听证与复议程序。
Curbing large-scale infringement of personal information is the need to protect the rights and interests of natural persons’ personal information, adjust the unbalanced corporate and individual power, safeguard public interests and social order, and regulate competitive ecology of the Internet. There are limitations in civil accountability and criminal conviction for curbing the large-scale infringement upon personal information. It is necessary to strengthen administrative law enforcement, the core of which is to impose high fines. Based on economic analysis such as Bayesian Nash equilibrium, high fines are effective in curbing large-scale infringement of personal information. In view of the practice of EU and US, China should equally apply high fines to Chinese and foreign enterprises in order to comply with the global trend of strong supervision of personal information protection. Under the current system, the Cyberspace Administration of China is given the administrative power to impose high fines and is responsible for establishing a joint law enforcement mechanism, which is in line with the reform orientation of Party and state institutions in the new era and the requirements of rule of law. The specific amount of fines shall be calculated according to the annual average operating income of large, medium, small and micro enterprises of different sizes on the basis of factors such as the number of victims, the extent of damage and the severity of the infringement of public interests. In order to protect the fundamental rights of administrative counterparts, corresponding hearing and reconsideration procedures should also be stipulated.
出处
《中国法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第5期106-126,共21页
China Legal Science
作者简介
孙莹,西南政法大学人工智能法学院副教授,法学博士。
