摘要
在识别与规制暗黑模式时,有两种较为典型的规制路径:以美国为代表的合同路径与以欧盟为代表的权利路径。合同路径可以识别出具有欺骗性与不公平的操纵行为,而权利路径可以识别出损害数据权利与个人尊严的操纵行为。合同路径通常把暗黑模式转化为格式合同与消费者保护相关争议进行讨论,而权利路径通常在司法与行政层面通过对欧盟《一般数据保护条例》进一步解释展开规制。在具体实践中,这两种法律路径可以解决某些暗黑模式问题,但难以完全应对大规模操纵中的风险问题,需要进一步引入信义义务。信义义务可以实现合同保护进路与基本权利保护进路的升级,有利于对暗黑模式实施综合治理。
In identifying and regulating dark patterns,two typical legal regulatory approaches have emerged,i.e.,the contractual approach by the United States and the right-based approach by the European Union.The contractual approach can identify manipulative behaviors that are deceptive and unfair,while the right-based approach can identify manipulative behaviors that may undermine data rights and individual dignity.The contractual approach usually treats dark patterns as issues related to boilerplate and consumer protection for discussion,while the right-based approach usually combines judicature with administrative method to enforce the General Data Protection Regulation via active interpretations.In practice,these two legal approaches can solve some dark pattern and manipulation issues,but cannot fully deal with the risks observed in large-scale manipulation.Thereby,it calls for fiduciary duties.Fiduciary duties are conducive to the upgrade of protection by contract and rights,which is of benefit to the comprehensive governance of dark patterns.
出处
《上海政法学院学报（法治论丛）》
2023年第2期103-118,共16页
Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)
基金
2022年度最高人民法院司法研究重大课题“算法技术的法律规制研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:ZGFYZDKT202211-01
关键词
暗黑模式
合同保护
格式合同
权利保护
信义义务
dark pattern
protection by contract
boilerplate
protection by rights
fiduciary duty
作者简介
李芊,中国人民大学法学博士研究生。
