摘要
自罗马法以来,传统大陆法国家财产法秉持物债二分、物必有体以及物权排他性的理念,这一理论框架难以有效解释虚拟世界中的数据权益。数据中包含了复杂的权益类型,各种权益呈现出一种网状结构,尤其是数据权益中常常包含个人信息权益,其与个人信息具有不可分割性,难以通过以所有权为基础的权利分离理论来解释,否则会割裂数据与个人信息之间的关联性,弱化对信息权利人的保护。因而有必要借鉴“权利束”理论作为数据权益的一种分析框架,依据该视角观察,数据权益是信息之上产生的多项集合的“权利束”,无法简单地将其看作某一类单一的权利。在信息主体的权利与数据权利主体产生冲突时,应当优先保护个人信息权益。数据的价值在于利用,只有利用才能产生价值,确认数据权益也要保障数据的有效利用。
Since the Roman law,the property laws in traditional civil-law countries have uphold the ideas of distinction between rights in rem and rights in personam,the necessity of rem being tangible and the absoluteness of right in rem,but it is difficult for such a theoretical frame to explain the data interests in the virtual world.Complex types of interests are contained in the data,and various interests show a networked structure,especially the personal information interest always contained in data interests is indispensable to personal information and hardly explained in terms of the theory of separated rights based on ownership,otherwise the relevance between the data and personal information will be cut off and the protection of information right holders will be weakened.Therefore,it is necessary to regard the theory of"bundle of rights"as reference and use it as an analytic framework for data interests.According to such observational perspective,data interests are a"bundle of rights"collectively resulted from the information,and it is unable to simply regard them as a certain kind of single right.The right of the information subjects and the right holder of the data conflict,priority should be given to the protection of personal information interest.The value of data lies in the utilization only which can produce value,so the protection of data interest shall be carried out without prejudice to the effective utilization of data.
出处
《政治与法律》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第7期99-113,共15页
Political Science and Law
关键词
权利束
数据权益
无形财产
个人信息
Bundle of Rights
Data Interest
Intangible Property
Personal Information
作者简介
王利明,中国人民大学法学院教授、博士生导师。
