摘要
在行政执法和刑事司法领域,信息技术的广泛应用使得证据材料普遍以电子数据的形式存在。同时,全球化、数字化使得执法跨境调取数据成为必要。执法跨境调取数据主要由两个场景组成:一是执法所需的数据存储于国外;二是外国执法部门需要调取存储于本国的数据。因此,一国政府往往有从境外"取"的需求,也要"防"境外获取。作为数字经济中主要板块的美国、欧盟,对执法跨境调取数据中的"取"和"防"分别从各自的现实需求、产业发展情况、法律传统和总体战略等因素出发,采取了不同的模式。近年来,随着《国际刑事司法协助法》《数据安全法(草案)》《个人信息保护法(草案)》以及相关部门规章的立法推进,我国逐渐形成自己的独特制度风格。通过对美欧中三种模式进行分析和归纳,可以预测三种模式互动可能产生的结果,并分析互动对我国主权、安全、发展利益的影响。
In the field of administrative and criminal law enforcement, the widespread use of information technology has made it common for evidentiary materials to exist in the form of electronic data. At the same time, globalization and digitization make it necessary for the cross-border access to data for law enforcement purposes, which exists in two main scenarios: first, when the data needed for domestic law enforcement in that country happens to be stored abroad;and second, when foreign law enforcement agencies need to access data stored in that country. Therefore, a government often has the need to "take" data from abroad and "prevent" data from being taken by foreign governments. As major players in the digital economy, the U.S. and EU have adopted different models of "taking" and "preventing" regarding the cross-border data access for law enforcement purposes on the basis of their respective practical needs, industrial development, legal traditions and overall strategies. In recent years, with the advancement in the making of the International Criminal Justice Assistance Law, the Data Security Law, the Personal Information Protection Law and related departmental rules, China is gradually developing a legal system of cross-border data access for law enforcement purposes with its unique style. This paper analyzes and summarizes the three different models of cross-border data access for law enforcement purposes, namely the US model, the EU model and Chinese model, predicts the possible results of the interactions between the three models, and analyzes their impact on China’s sovereignty, security, and development interests.
出处
《环球法律评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期38-51,共14页
Global Law Review
基金
作者参加的2018年度司法部重点课题“大数据与网络安全立法研究”(18SFB1005)的研究成果
作者简介
洪延青,北京理工大学法学院教授。
