摘要
近年来,随着互联网技术的不断提升以及智能手机的大范围普及,互联网经济迅速发展。随着电子信息技术的快速发展,互联网纠纷增长迅速,相关案件在法院受理案件数量中所占比重逐年上升,这些案件基于互联网特性,通过网络形成电子证据。以互联网金融贷款为例,在各类型终端上尤其是移动终端上,形成了合同签订、发放贷款、回收贷款等全流程线上操作的新型贷款模式。除此之外,互联网理财及保险业务的应用也愈加普遍。在互联网语境下,各类型合同线上签订,且由电子介质形成与储存,大量电子证据由此产生。当事人在产生纠纷时,无法直接提供书面证据用以佐证案件事实,而电子证据存在虚拟性、完整性、有效性存疑等特点,民事诉讼司法实务中对其一直采取保守的态度,对电子证据提交、质证、认证更无统一的做法,就目前来看,传统证据审查理念已明显滞后,如果不与时俱进,将会影响涉互联网类案件的公正审理。目前关于电子证据的法律仅有《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》及其司法解释、《中华人民共和国电子签名法》等,且均为原则性规定,对司法实践的指引远远不够。最高人民法院、最高人民检察院作出的《人民检察院电子证据鉴定程序规则(试行)》曾就电子证据的鉴定范围、程序、注意事项等作出规定。最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部发布的《关于办理刑事案件手机提取和审查判断电子数据若干问题的规定》规定了电子数据移送与展示、审查与判断,但该规则目前尚只用于刑事审判领域,在民商事审判领域尚无统一标准。刑事个案审判领域注重对电子证据进行逐项鉴定,如大量民商事案件中采用上述标准,则存在着鉴定程序繁琐,周期较长、诉讼成本较高等问题,既无法适应互联网经济的发展也无法适应司法审判现实需要。因此,有必要对电子证据特性进行分析,结合互联网案件审判实例,对电子证据的开示和审查进行研究探索。随着互联网进一步发展和应用,电子证据的开示和审查将成为案件审理过程的重要一环。寻找适合互联网发展趋势的审判模式,是互联网审判建设的重要组成部分。
In recent years,with the continuous improvement of Internet technology and the widespread use of smartphones,the Internet economy has developed rapidly. With the rapid development of electronic information technology,Internet disputes have grown rapidly,and the proportion of relevant cases in the number of cases accepted by the court has increased year by year. These cases are based on the characteristics of the Internet and form electronic evidence through the network. Taking Internet financial loans as an example,on various types of terminals,especially mobile terminals,a new loan model for online operation of contracts,loans,and loans is formed. In addition,the application of Internet banking and insurance services has become more common. In the context of the Internet,various types of contracts are signed online and are formed and stored by electronic media,and a large amount of electronic evidence is generated. When a dispute arises,the parties cannot directly provide written evidence to support the facts of the case. The electronic evidence has the characteristics of virtuality,completeness and validi-ty. The civil litigation practice has always adopted a conservative attitude and submitted electronic evidence. There is no uniform approach to cross-examination and certification. As far as the current situation is concerned,the concept of traditional evidence review has lagged behind. If it does not keep pace with the times,it will affect the fair trial of Internet-related cases.At present,the laws on electronic evidence are only the Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China and its judicial interpretation,the Electronic Signature Law of the People’s Republic of China,etc.,all of which are principled provisions,and the guidelines for judicial practice are far from enough. The Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate have made provisions on the appraisal scope,procedures,and precautions for electronic evidence. The Provisions of the Supreme People’s Court,the Supreme People’s Procuratorate,and the Ministry of Public Security on the Handling of Electronic Cases for the Extraction and Examination of Electronic Data in Criminal Cases stipulate the transfer and display,review and judgment of electronic data,but the rule is currently only used for criminal purposes. In the field of trials,there is no uniform standard in the field of civil and commercial trials. In the field of criminal case trials,the electronic evidence is subject to item-by-item identification. If a large number of civil and commercial cases are used in the above-mentioned standards,there are problems such as cumbersome identification procedures,long cycle,and high litigation costs,which cannot adapt to the development of the Internet economy or adapt to it. Judicial trials are needed in reality. Therefore,it is necessary to analyze the characteristics of electronic evidence,and combine the examples of Internet case trials to conduct research and exploration on the presentation and review of electronic evidence. With the further development and application of the Internet,the disclosure and review of electronic evidence will become an important part of the trial process. Finding a trial model suitable for the development trend of the Internet is an important part of the Internet trial construction.
作者
魏巍
韩献珑
Wei Wei;Han Xianlong
出处
《网络信息法学研究》
2019年第2期113-131,272-274,共22页
Journal of Cyber and Information Law
关键词
电子证据
互联网金融
证据开示
技术调查官
Electronic evidence
Internet finance
Evidence discovery
Technical investigation officer
作者简介
魏巍,深圳市福田区人民法院互联网和金融审判庭庭长;韩献珑,深圳市福田区人民法院互联网和金融审判庭法官助
