人工智能法的基本问题及制度架构被引量：28

Basic Problems and Institutional Framework of Artificial Intelligence Law

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摘要我国人工智能法的立法工作已经启动,目前亟待明确人工智能法的属性、立法目的、调整对象及基本原则等基本问题,并在明确这些基本问题的基础上进行人工智能法的制度架构。人工智能法宜定位为兼具私法属性的公法,并以推动人工智能技术创新和防范人工智能技术风险为立法目的,以人工智能技术研发活动、应用活动、风险管理活动为调整对象,在公平原则、可靠可控可信、安全与发展并重、合规性原则的指引下进行人工智能法的制度架构设计。具体而言,人工智能法宜从实现人工智能技术的重大突破和推动人工智能多元应用场景落地方面建立人工智能发展与促进的制度体系;通过建立人工智能准入制度、分级分类监管制度、试错容错监管制度、协同性监管制度构建人工智能安全风险防范的制度体系;从人工智能研发者和提供者的一般义务和特殊义务两大方面构建人工智能研发者和提供者的义务体系。 China’s legislation of artificial intelligence law has been started,and the basic issues such as the attribute,legislative purpose,adjustment object and basic principles of artificial intelligence law are urgently needed to be clarified,and on this basis,the institutional structure of artificial intelligence law is carried out.The artificial intelligence law should be positioned as a public law with the attributes of private law,with the legislative purpose of promoting the innovation of artificial intelligence technology and preventing the risks of artificial intelligence technology,and the object of adjustment is the research and development activities,application activities and risk management activities of artificial intelligence technology.The institutional framework of artificial intelligence law is designed under the guidance of the principles of fairness,reliability,controllability and trustworthiness,equal emphasis on security and development,and compliance.Specifically,the artificial intelligence law should establish an artificial intelligence development and promotion system from the perspective of realizing major breakthroughs in artificial intelligence technology and promoting the implementation of multiple application scenarios of artificial intelligence;Artificial intelligence safety risk prevention system is constructed by establishing AI access system,classification supervision system,trial and error tolerance supervision system,and collaborative supervision system.The obligation system of artificial intelligence developers and providers is constructed from two aspects:general obligation and special obligation.

作者侯东德 Hou Dongde(Civil and Commercial Law School of Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120)

机构地区西南政法大学民商法学院

出处《政法论丛》 CSSCI 北大核心 2023年第6期61-72,共12页 Journal of Political Science and Law

基金教育部哲学社会科学重大攻关项目“人工智能发展中的重大风险防范体系研究”(项目编号:20JZD026)的阶段性成果。

关键词人工智能法人工智能立法目的制度架构 artificial intelligence law artificial intelligence legislative purpose institutional framework

分类号 DF0-05 [政治法律—法学理论]

作者简介侯东德(1973-),男,四川绵阳人,法学博士,西南政法大学民商法学院教授、博士生导师,西南政法大学高等研究院院长,研究方向为数字法学、人工智能法学、民商法学。