数据跨境流动之国家安全例外条款:制衡、边界与建构被引量：9

National Security Exception Clause Governing Cross-Border Data Flows: Check and Balance, Boundaries, and Construction

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摘要数据跨境流动作为数字自由贸易发展的重要环节与因素,其规范备受数字贸易协定关注。全球层面的数据跨境流动面临数据主权与数据自由理论纷争,其核心集中于数据跨境流动可能对一国国家安全造成的影响,反映在国际协定谈判中则是各国对国家安全例外条款的态度。对安全例外条款是否自裁决条款的争论分化出三种立法模式,以美国为代表的《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》(CPTPP)谈判主张不采用安全例外条款,以《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(RCEP)为代表的数字贸易谈判建议限制国家安全例外条款的自裁决属性,另有国家建议维持传统的世界贸易组织(WTO)下安全例外条款的形式。鉴于我国维护国家安全与推动数字贸易自由的双重需要,应当在维持国家安全例外条款存在的同时,审慎对待其自裁决性质,推动渐进式的例外条款范式转变。 Cross-border data flows are an important link and factor in the development of digital free trade.Regulating such flows has received close attention in recent digital trade agreements.At the global level,cross-border data flows are faced with a theoretical dispute between data sovereignty and data freedom,which centers on the potential impacts cross-bor der data flows could have on a country’s national security.Such a dispute is reflected in the attitudes of different countries toward the national security exception clause during the negotiations of international agreements.The dispute on whether the security exception clause should be treated as self-judging matters has given birth to three legislative models:the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations represented by the United States that do not advocate a security exception clause;the digital trade negotiations represented by the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership that propose limitations on the self-judging nature of the national security exception clause;and suggestions by other countries that the traditional form of WTO security exception clause should be maintained.With a view to safeguarding national security and promoting digital free trade,China should adopt a cautious attitude toward the self-judging nature of the national security exception while maintaining the existence of such a clause,and promote a paradigm shift in a gradual manner.

作者魏求月洪延青 Wei Qiuyue;Hong Yanqing

机构地区北京理工大学法学院

出处《国家安全研究》 2022年第4期101-120,178,共21页 China security studies

关键词国家安全例外条款自裁决条款数据跨境流动善意原则 national security exceptional clause self-judging clause cross-border data flow good faith principle

分类号 D996 [政治法律—经济法学]

作者简介魏求月,北京理工大学法学院讲师,国际法博士,主要研究数据法、网络法、国际民事诉讼法等;洪延青,北京理工大学法学院教授。