摘要
数据产权结构性分置模式是构建数据产权制度体系的重要发展,通过对权利客体作“公共数据—企业数据—个人信息数据”类型化区分,分类分级确权授权,建立符合数据要素性质、数据价值创造和实现规律的结构性权利体系。数据产权是与物权、知识产权并列的第三类具有对世性的财产权利。在权利配置实现上,于公共数据领域,应当确认公共数据的收集、产生、处理各个环节相关主体在行政法上的管理权限和民事财产权利,健全公共数据开放机制,探索实施多元利用目的下的授权机制;于企业数据领域,应当确认市场主体对其持有的数据享有财产法上的权利,建立企业数据授权使用新模式;于个人信息数据领域,应当按照“人财两分”理论,将个人信息数据中的财产权益配置给作出劳动投入的个人信息数据处理者,正确处理个人对个人信息的人格权益与数据处理者对个人信息的数据财产权益之间的关系。
The process of data value realization is mainly oriented toward circulation and cooperation,and data value should not be monopolized by a certain subject in the form of absolute property rights.The structural division of data property rights into“public data-enterprise data-personal data”establishes a structural rights system that conforms to the nature of data elements and the law of data value creation and realization.In the field of public data,public administration bodies collect and generate public data in the course of performing their duties,serving public administration rather than direct or indirect economic purposes,and they have administrative authority under administrative law to disclose and authorize the use of public data,but they are not subjects of data property rights.Although public service institutions are public in nature,they are still essentially market subjects with their own independent economic interests and are subjects of the data property rights.The public data collected and generated by them in the course of providing public services can be used for their own production and business activities,provided to other market subjects,or used to provide data services to other market subjects.In order to fully release the important value of public data as a factor of production,the system of openness and utilization of public data should be improved,and the implementation of an authorization mechanism under multiple utilization purposes should be explored.In the field of enterprise data,the confirmation of enterprise data means confirming that enterprises have the right to hold,utilize,profit from and dispose of enterprise data in accordance with law.Such a property right has the nature of in rem rights with certain dominance and exclusivity,and is a new type of property right alongside property rights and intellectual property rights.Enterprise data includes not only data collected and processed by enterprises in the course of production and operation activities that do not involve personal information and public interests,but also personal information data collected,public data legally obtained and processed,and data obtained through market transactions and other means by enterprises.Enterprise data authorization is a contractual mechanism for enterprises to grant others the use of data to which they have data property rights,mainly including data transaction,data services,joint processing,entrusted processing and other models.In the field of personal information data,personal interest should be allocated to individuals and property interest should be allocated to personal information data processors who have made labor input in accordance with the theory of“separation of personal and property rights”.As personal information data originates from personal information,the use of personal information data by enterprises should be restricted by the rules on the protection of personality interests in personal information.
出处
《环球法律评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第4期5-20,共16页
Global Law Review
基金
2021年国家社科基金重大项目“民法在建设职责明确、依法行政的政府治理体系中的作用研究”(21ZDA050)的研究成果
作者简介
张新宝,中国人民大学法学院教授。
