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企业数据的合同法与侵权法保护 被引量:3

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摘要 国家数据局最近在有关数据产权的文件中采取了合同优先的立场,司法实践则通过侵权法以及与之关系密切的反不正当竞争法保护企业数据。企业数据的合同法与侵权法保护具有独特优势,其灵活性特征更符合数据的非标准化特征与权利边界的个案性。数据合同并不会侵蚀知识产权制度,其公平性不宜经由过度赋权数据来源者而矫正,其交易也不必通过事前的绝对排他性财产权而实现。数据侵权应以知识产权为基线,以降低收集与共享数据的激励为损害标准,以是否具有外部性来区分侵权法与反不正当竞争法。在互联网背景下,点击协议应当被视为合同,浏览协议与机器人协议不应被视为合同,网络爬虫应结合被收集数据的性质、数量以及数据的搜集和利用方式等要素判断违法性。我们要以部门法交叉的多维视角看待企业数据保护,并深化部门法的法理学研究。 The Chinese National Data Administration has adopted a contractual priority position in recent data property documents,while judicial practice protects corporate data through tort law and its closely related anti-unfair competition laws.The contract law and tort law protection of enterprise data have unique advantages.Their flexibility characteristics are more in line with the non-standardization of data and the individual nature of rights boundaries.Data contracts do not erode the intellectual property rights system,and their fairness should not be corrected through excessive empowerment of data subjects.Data transactions need not be realized through absolute exclusive property rights.Data infringement should be based on intellectual property rights as the baseline,with reducing incentives for collecting and sharing data as the damage standard,and distinguishing between infringement law and anti-unfair competition law based on whether they have externalities.In the context of the Cyberspace,clickwrap contracts should be regarded as contracts while shrinkwrap contracts and robot protocols should not be regarded as contracts.The legality of web crawling should consider factors such as the nature,quantity,crawling method,and data utilization of the crawled data.The study of enterprise data protection needs to adopt an interdisciplinary approach of different areas of law and a legal theory perspective.
作者 丁晓东
出处 《法制与社会发展》 CSSCI 北大核心 2024年第4期190-204,共15页 Law and Social Development
基金 国家社会科学基金重大项目“当代中国数字法学基本范畴体系研究”(23&ZD154)的阶段性成果
关键词 数据合同 数据侵权 数据产权 用户协议 网络爬虫 Data Contract Data Infringement Data Property Rights User Agreement Web Crawl
作者简介 丁晓东,中国人民大学法学院教授、博士生导师。
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