摘要
个人数据财产权否定论主张个人数据来源日常化、独立价值低、独占程度弱、非劳动所得,并且创设该权利降低数据流通效率,从而反对创设个人数据财产权。然而,这些理由并不成立。个人数据财产权具备避免个人数据价值被过度攫取的对抗功能、多主体共享数据经济红利的互惠功能,以及个人参与数据经济秩序再造的协商功能。在静态结构层面,个人数据财产权的权利主体限于有能力授权其他主体使用个人数据的自然人;权利客体限于依法可转让的显名个人数据;权利内容是通过法律授权实现财产权益。在动态运作层面,数据汇聚效率可能降低、定价权倾斜分配、权利实现机制缺失的难题可以被配套制度化解。在制度边界层面,法律通过协调不同个人的数据财产权之间、个人数据财产权与企业数据财产权之间,以及个人数据财产权与公共数据之间的关系,可兼顾个人数据流通的效率、公平与安全,从而助推数字经济发展。
The opponents of property rights in personal data hold that personal data originate from daily activities,and have low independent value,weak exclusivity,and are not the result of labor.They further claim that property rights in individual data reduce the efficiency of data circulation.However,these reasons are not justified.Property rights in individual data possess the functions of confrontation to resist excessive exploitation of the value of personal data,reciprocity to share the dividends of the data economy among multiple subjects,and negotiation for individuals to participate in the reconstruction of the data economic order.At the static structure level,the subjects of property rights in personal data are limited to natural persons who can authorize other subjects to use personal data;the objects of the rights are limited to identifiable personal data which are transferable in accordance with the law;and the contents of the rights are the realization of property interests through legal authorization.At the dynamic operation level,challenges such as the reduced aggregation efficiency,the skewed distribution of pricing power,and the lack of mechanisms for realizing the rights involved can be addressed through complementary systems.At the institutional boundary level,the law can balance the efficiency,fairness,and security of individual data circulation by coordinating the relationships among the property rights in data of different individuals,between the property rights in data of individuals and enterprises,and between property rights in personal data and the public data.Consequently,it would promote the development of the digital economy.
出处
《法制与社会发展》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第4期168-189,共22页
Law and Social Development
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“系统论视野下的数字法治基本问题研究”(22AZD149)的阶段性成果
关键词
数据确权
数据财产权
个人数据
个人数据财产权
Data Rights Confirmation
Property Rights in Data
Personal Data
Property Rights in Personal Data
作者简介
季卫东,上海交通大学凯原法学院讲席教授;翁壮壮,上海交通大学凯原法学院博士研究生。
