摘要
由于抵押动产在担保实践中发挥着"动态循环"功能,设立其上的担保物权有必要延伸于抵押动产"形态"变化的替代物。但当抵押人因抵押财产出卖、添附、出租等原因丧失所有权或降低其经济价值时,物上代位原理难以延伸原担保物权。《美国统一商法典》第9编采用担保权益"自动延伸"的方式,使得原担保权益延伸于替代物,以便在担保动产的"形态"变化中维持担保利益。这类自动延伸的理论基础在于以担保物经济价值为中心的默示约定,假设当事人会以原有担保物的价值替代物设立担保。这种担保责任范围的扩张不限于现有担保物,也不限于狭义的交换价值,甚至扩张于担保物各种权能的价值转换形式。我国现行法之下,动产抵押的合意成立要件已为动产担保物权的默示延伸提供了制度前提,已有的抵押物责任范围扩张便是默示延伸的范例,扩大解释我国民法典第390条的"等"字符合当事人担保约定的假设。同时,担保物所生的收益应设有相应的登记制度,以维护交易安全,避免第三人利益受损。
Since personal security performs a function of"dynamic circulation"in security practice,it is necessary for security interests to extend to the substitution of collateral.However,the doctrine of in rem subrogation makes such extension difficult when the debtor loses collateral or when the economic value of collateral decreases due to sale,accession,rental,etc.Article 9 of the UCC adopts the rule of automatic attachment of security interests to maintain the security interest through physical changes of collaterals.This rule is based on an implied agreement centered on the economic value of the collateral,assuming that the parties will also create personal security in the proceeds.Automatic attachment is limited neither to existing collaterals,nor to exchange value in a narrow sense,but even extends to various converted forms of collateral value.Under the current Chinese law,consensual personal security agreement has provided the institutional basis for the implied interpretation,such as the existing expansion of collateral in China.The expanded interpretation of the words"and so on"in Article 390 of the Chinese Civil Code is consistent with the assumption of parties’security agreement.Furthermore,registration system of personal security should undertake the task of perfection of proceeds,so as to avoid negative effects of automatic attachment of proceeds to the third parties.
出处
《法学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期35-54,共20页
Chinese Journal of Law
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“优化营商环境视野下的新型担保裁判规则研究”(2019BFX150)的中期成果
关键词
浮动抵押
动产担保
担保物权延伸
默示担保约定
收益登记
floating charges
personal security interest
extension of personal security interest
implied security agreement
registration on proceeds
作者简介
庄加园,上海交通大学凯原法学院教授。
