摘要
在世行新营商环境评估项目下,“金融服务”主题旨在考察企业运营与扩张中的金融准入因素,“动产担保交易与登记系统的运营”是其下围绕经济体的动产担保法制进行考察的领域。在“统一的动产担保交易法律框架”指标下,通过对我国民法典相关规则的展开解释,可以将动产让与担保纳入现有动产担保制度体系内,并使应收账款的担保性让与和完全让与平等地适用规则,但未来应当赋予非基于保理的应收账款完全让与以登记能力。在“动产担保物与担保债权的类型”指标下,我国的失分点是抵押权的效力不能自动及于抵押物所生孳息,担保物权的效力不能自动及于担保物的转让对价,解决方案是通过当事人的合意实现动产担保物权效力的自动延伸。在“动产担保物权的优先顺位与权利实现”指标下,我国的问题是担保债权与税收债权的优先顺位需要更明确、合理的规则。虽然流担保契约的效力受到限制,但我国承认了担保物权庭外实现约定的效力。在“动产担保登记系统的运营”指标下,我国的动产融资统一登记公示系统能够最大程度地满足世行要求,但我国未来的制度设计须考虑到如何降低相对人的信息获取成本、避免担保权人虚假登记。
Under the new Business Ready Project of the World Bank,the topic of"Financial Services"aims to assess the factors of financial access in business operation and expansion.Within this topic,the focus area is the operation of movable collateral transactions and registration systems,which revolves around the legal framework of movable collateral within the economy.Regarding the subcategory of"Integrated Legal Framework for Secured Transactions"of Business Ready Project,by interpreting the new regulations in the Civil Code of PRC,it is possible to incorporate fiduciary transfer of title into the present secured transactions law system and apply the rules equally to assignment of receivables and outright transfer of receivables.However,there should be provisions for registering outright transfer of receivables in the future.Concerning the subcategory of"Types of Movable Assets,Debts,and Obligations that Can Be Secured,"the issue in China lies in the fact that the effectiveness of a mortgage right does not automatically extend to the proceeds generated by the mortgaged property,and the effectiveness of a collateral right does not automatically extend to the transfer price of the collateral.The proposed solution is to achieve the automatic extension of movable collateral rights through agreements between the parties involved.Regarding the subcategory of"Priority/Enforcement,"the challenge in China is the need for more definite and reasonable rules regarding the priority of secured claims and tax claims.Although the effectiveness of floating charge contracts has not been confirmed,China acknowledges the effectiveness of out-of-court enforcement agreements for collateral rights.Concerning the category of"Operation of Collateral Registries,"China's unified registration and publicity system for movable financing largely meets the requirements of the World Bank.However,future system designs should consider how to reduce the information acquisition costs for relevant parties and prevent false registration by secured creditors.
出处
《比较法研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第5期149-166,共18页
Journal of Comparative Law
基金
清华大学“水木学者”计划
中国博士后科学基金第73批面上资助(2023M731896)支持
关键词
营商环境
动产担保
登记
收益
优先顺位
business ready
movable collateral
registration
priority
out-of-court enforcement
作者简介
范佳慧,清华大学法学院博士后,助理研究员,法学博士。
