摘要
伴随董事会向监督职能的转型、企业合规改革的持续推进、董事义务严格化的发展趋势,公司法很有可能习惯性地采取实质化董事合规义务、继续强化董事合规责任的改革路径。由于加重董事责任可以避免合规失败、董事懈怠是造成合规失败的主要原因、强调董事责任可以有效形成合规文化等认识误区的存在,该种改革路径难以实现预期目标。应当在承认董事负有积极合规义务的基础上,采取一种兼顾法律责任和声誉处罚功能的合规义务认定标准,当公司出现具有重大性的不合规事件或者长期、普遍、持续地出现不合规事件时,应当推定董事未履行合规义务。在董事合规责任被适当限缩之后,应当从提升股东诉讼积极性和便利度的角度设置董事责任限免规则和股东派生诉讼的适用范围,通过董事会的结构性改革、扩充股东知情权等公司法规则帮助或者倒逼董事会解决结构洞问题,并以遵守或者解释模式推进有效的企业合规标准的采纳。
With the functional transformation of boards,continuous advancement of corporate compliance reform and the trend towards tightening the duty of directors,China will probably habitually take the path of substantiating directors’duty of compliance and imposing increasingly heavy liability on directors in its corporate law reform.Due to theoretical misunderstandings such as reinforcing directors’liability could help to establish effective corporate compliance,most of the compliance failures are caused by directors’own negligence,and reinforcing directors’liability could help to form a compliance culture,it is difficult for corporate law reforms to realize their expected targets.China should,on the basis of recognizing directors’positive duty of compliance,adopt a standard on directors’duty of compliance that can strike a balance between legal liability and reputational sanction.The standard requires the court to presume directors’violation of the duty of compliance when there is a material noncompliance or long-term,widespread,continuous noncompliance and the corporation fails to adopt the officially recommended effective compliance standard.After directors’compliance liability is appropriately limited,China should properly set rules that eliminate or limit directors’liability and expand the scope of shareholders’derivative right to maximize the shareholders’activism and convenience to file suits,help or force boards to solve structural problems by reforming the structure of boards and expanding shareholders’information rights,and use compliance or explanation approach to push the adoption of effective compliance standard.
出处
《法学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第3期96-112,共17页
Chinese Journal of Law
关键词
企业合规
董事合规义务
信义义务
商业判断规则
独立董事
corporate compliance
directors’duty of compliance
fiduciary duty
business judgment rule
independent director
作者简介
楼秋然,对外经济贸易大学法学院副教授。
