摘要
侵犯公民个人信息罪的保护法益不符合超个人法益的特征,公民个人信息亦不具有超个人属性。本罪的超个人法益解读缺乏根据,属于理论误读,且具有危及罪刑法定原则的风险。基于《宪法》以及《民法典》等前置法准据,公民个人信息具有明确的个人权利属性,其刑法保护意义集中体现为对个人信息自决及个体社会交往利益(如人身、财产及隐私安全)的保护。公民个人信息的公共价值,也应在个体论视角中衍生性地予以定位,具体表现为公民对公共价值的尊重,作为对公民个人信息自决权的限缩。相应地,本罪法益应当完整概括为公民个人信息自决权及相关社会交往利益。该理解既可以解释本罪中被害人同意的限制问题,也为本罪的罪量和法益侵害程度判断提供了进一步的理论根据。
The legal interest protected in the crime of infringement upon citizens’personal information does not meet the qualifications for a supra-personal legal interest,nor does the personal information of citizens have a supra-personal attribute.Interpreting the legal interest in this crime on the ground that it presupposes the protection of legal interest may lead to the risk of undermining the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime.The understanding that citizens’personal information has supra-personal attribute also lacks a basis in pre-existing laws.According to human rights law,including the Constitution,the Civil Code and other prescriptive laws,the personal information of citizens has clear individual right attributes.The significance of personal information protection in criminal law is embodied in the protection of personal information self-determination and the personal interests of social interaction(such as personal and property security).The public value of citizens’personal information should also be positioned derivatively in the personal attributes of citizens’personal information,which is specifically manifested in citizens’respect for public values as a restriction on citizens’right to personal information self-determination.Accordingly,the legal interest protected in this crime should be summarized as citizens’right to personal information self-determination and the related interest in social interaction.This understanding can not only explain the limitation of the victim’s consent in this crime,but also provide a further theoretical basis for judging the amount of the crime and the degree of infringement upon legal interests in this crime.
出处
《环球法律评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期102-118,共17页
Global Law Review
基金
作者主持的2020年度辽宁省社会科学规划基金项目“基因科技犯罪的法益侵害与规制体系研究”(L20CFX004)的研究成果
作者简介
马永强,大连海事大学法学院讲师。
