自动驾驶的风险类型与法律规制被引量：13

The Risk Types and Legal Regulation Path of Self-Driving

导出

摘要自动驾驶汽车事故的法律责任应依据不同风险对事故主体和责任类型进行区分。在自动驾驶汽车生产阶段,存在生产、销售不符合安全标准的自动驾驶汽车的制造风险与难以进行特殊道路路段测试的安全风险。在自动驾驶汽车应用阶段,基于发生事故后的事故责任和保险责任的认定,存在自动驾驶系统与驾驶员的过失风险和故意风险。根据不同风险类型,在坚持自动驾驶责任主体否定论的前提下,自动驾驶汽车的法律规制路径应从民事侵权责任和刑事责任两方面展开。在民事责任方面,驾驶员与自动驾驶系统本身均不适合责任承担,由生产者一方承担责任更具正当性,并应同时引入责任保险制度作为社会化救济方式。在刑事责任方面,生产者因为设计缺陷或者未履行自动驾驶汽车应用安全管理义务并发生严重后果的,应当承担刑事责任。对于交通肇事过程中驾驶员的刑事责任,则应该根据自动驾驶汽车的自动化分级进行分类探讨。 The legal liability of self-driving vehicle accident should be differentiated according to the different risk of accident subject and liability type.In the production stage of self-driving vehicle,there are manufacturing risks of producing and selling self-driving vehicles that do not meet safety standards and safety risks of difficult testing on special road sections.In the application stage of self-driving vehicle,based on the identification of accident liability and insurance liability after an accident,there are negligence risks and intentional risks between the self-driving driving system and the driver.According to the identification of different risk types and the premise of the negation of the responsible subject of the autonomous driving system,the legal regulation path of the self-driving driving vehicle is from the civil tort liability and criminal liability.In terms of civil liability,both the driver and the autonomous driving system are not suitable for responsibility,so it is more legitimate for the manufacturer of the autonomous vehicle to bear the responsibility.At the same time,liability insurance system is introduced as a way of socialization relief.In terms of criminal responsibility,the manufacturer shall bear criminal responsibility if serious consequences occur due to design defects or failure to perform the application safety management obligations of autonomous vehicles.The criminal responsibility of the driver in the process of traffic accident should be classified and discussed according to the automatic classification of autonomous vehicles.

作者刘艳红 Liu Yanhong(Law School of Criminal Justice of China University of Political Science and Law)

机构地区中国政法大学刑事司法学院

出处《国家检察官学院学报》 CSSCI 北大核心 2024年第1期114-130,共17页 Journal of National Prosecutors College

基金国家社科基金重大招标课题“数字经济的刑事安全风险防范体系建构研究”(21&ZD209)阶段成果

关键词自动驾驶汽车风险类型交通肇事过失责任刑事责任 Self-Driving Vehicle Type of Risk Traffic Offences Liability for Negligence Criminal Liability

分类号 D915.2 [政治法律—诉讼法学]

作者简介刘艳红,中国政法大学刑事司法学院教授。