数据犯罪罪名体系建构之完善被引量：7

Improvement of the Construction of Data Crime System

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摘要 “数据犯罪”的出现是新时期刑法研究的产物,与数字经济发展具有一定的同步性。数据犯罪中“数据”限定于表征信息内容的数据不是由刑法体系本身决定的,而是由数字经济时代发展特征决定的。数据法益可以分为两层面:第一层是数据基础法益,指一般数据普遍蕴含的数据管理秩序法益;第二层是数据升格法益,根据一般数据基础上新添附信息内容的法律属性,指向不同的法益内容。应从数据犯罪的犯罪对象补全、犯罪行为扩张和构罪标准重塑等三个方面对数据犯罪罪名体系建构进行完善。应在刑法条文中明确对一般数据进行保护,并增设新罪名;刑法应对“情节严重”的非法分析数据行为、操纵数据行为、非法跨境数据流通行为加以规制。数据犯罪构罪标准的设置应坚持“多元论”,应先对侵犯数据的数量进行“形式”和“实质”的双重考察,以此确定侵犯数据行为的定性。只有在数量难以认定的前提下,才可以适用“数额”标准对行为人的行为加以定性。 The emergence of“data crime”is the product of criminal law research in the new era and has a certain synchronicity with the development of the digital economy.The limitation of“data”in data crimes to data representing information content is not determined by the criminal law system itself,but by the development characteristics of the digital economy era.Data legal interests can be divided into two levels:the first level is data basic legal interests,which refers to the data management order legal interests generally contained in general data;the second level is data upgrade legal interests,which points to different legal interests based on the legal attributes of newly added information content based on general data.content of legal interests.The construction of the data crime system should be improved from three aspects:the completion of the crime object of data crime,the expansion of criminal behavior,and the reshaping of crime standards.The protection of general data should be clarified in the criminal law provisions,and new crimes should be added;the criminal law should regulate“serious”illegal data analysis,data manipulation,and illegal crossborder data circulation.The setting of the standards for the construction of data crimes should adhere to“pluralism”,and the“form”and“substance”of the amount of infringed data should first be double-examined to determine the nature of the data infringement behavior.Only under the premise that the quantity is difficult to determine,the“amount”standard can be applied to characterize the perpetrator’s behavior.

作者刘宪权 Liu Xianquan(East China University of Political Science and Law)

机构地区华东政法大学

出处《国家检察官学院学报》 CSSCI 北大核心 2024年第3期18-31,共14页 Journal of National Prosecutors College

基金国家社会科学基金重大项目“网络时代的社会治理与刑法体系的理论创新”(20&ZD199)的阶段性成果

关键词数字经济数据犯罪数据法益体系建构立法完善司法适用 Digital Economy Data Crime Data Legal Interests System Construction Legislative Improvement Judicial Application

分类号 D914 [政治法律—刑法学]

作者简介刘宪权,华东政法大学功勋教授、“经天学者”讲席教授。