摘要
国家政策对我国民事司法影响颇深。《民法通则》第6条规定的国家政策作为民法法源,其介入民事司法的路径并不合理。法官在利用国家政策进行判决时,会出现缺少配套规范、依据混乱、说理困难等问题。其原因在于对国家政策的范围及其与法律的区别界定不明。依民事裁判规则,全国人大及其常委会制定的法律、法律解释、司法解释、行政法规、自治条例、单行条例为裁判规范,行政规章及其他规范性文件为说理规范。然而,以上文件均为国家政策的表现形式。国家政策作为民法法源,其介入民事司法需遵循不同载体各自的裁判规则。最高人民法院可发挥其公共政策创制功能,通过"隐性"及"显性"两种渠道引国家政策入民事裁判。坚持私法自治为基础,建立国家政策进入民事裁判的转介机制,将国家政策通过合法且合理的渠道引入民事司法,是实现国家调控民事生活、实现公私法融合的法治之道。
State policies exert a great influence over civil justice in China.Article 6 of the General Principles of Civil Law stipulates that state policies are a source of civil law,but the path by which they enter civil justice is not a rational one.When judges make rulings on the basis of state policies,they face problems including a lack of complementary regulations,confusing rationales and lack of a clear line of reasoning.These stem from lack of clarity in definition of the scope of such policies and the way they differ from laws.Under the rules on civil adjudication,laws,legal interpretations,judicial interpretations,administrative regulations,self-government ordinances and special regulations,all of which are formulated by the National People' s Congress and its Standing Committee,are adjudication norms,while administrative rules and other regulatory documents are explanatory norms.However,all of the above are forms of expression of state policies.As a source of civil law,state policies must observe the adjudication rules of different vehicles when moving into civil justice.The Supreme People's Court can play a role in making public policy and guiding state policies into civil adjudication through 'unseen' and 'open' channels.We should adhere to the foundation of the autonomy of private law,establish a mechanism for the introduction of state policies to civil adjudication,and bring state policies into civil justice through legitimate and reasonable channels.This is the way forward for the rule of law,one that will realize the state's regulation of civil life and the integration of public and private law.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2015年第12期133-155,207,共23页
Social Sciences in China
基金
教育部新世纪优秀人才计划资助
国家社会科学基金重大项目"社会治理体制创新法制建设研究"(14ZDC027)部分成果
国家社会科学基金后期资助项目"损害赔偿与债法现代化"(13FFX008)部分成果
作者简介
张红，法学博士，中南财经政法大学法学院教授
