摘要
数据权利配置是构建数据基础制度的内在要求。传统理论试图采用排他或治理的一元范式配置数据权利,但前者未能准确把握以互惠共享为基础的数据利用规律,后者因数据使用规则的碎片化而难以建立稳定的数据控制秩序,因此亟需通过范式整合构建第三种范式。数据权利在本质上既非所有权,又非去结构化的权利束,而是由“排他—治理”范式整合发展而来的结构化关系束组合形成的复杂系统。在数据价值链中,数据权利可分解为数据生产关系、数据持有关系、数据流通关系、数据征用关系等四种形态,分别涉及数据持有者与数据来源者、其他任何人、数据需求者、数据征用者的法律关系,由此构建一束调整数据控制与利用的关系网络,形成由“排他+治理”构成的数据权利配置的第三种范式。
Data rights allocation is an inherent requirement for building a data foundation system.Traditional theories attempt to allocate data rights with a monadic paradigm of exclusion or governance.However,the former failed to accurately grasp the data utilization rules based on reciprocal sharing,while the latter was difficult to establish a stable data control order due to the fragmentation of data usage rules.Therefore,it is urgent to construct a third paradigm through paradigm integration.Data rights are essentially neither ownership nor de-structured bundle of rights,but rather a complex system formed by the combination of a structured bundle of relations developed from the integration of“exclusion-governance”paradigm.In the data value chain,data rights can be decomposed into four forms:data production relations,data holding relations,data circulation relations,and data expropriation relations,which respectively involve the legal relationship between data holders and data sources,anyone else,data demanders,and data expropriators.As a result,a network of relationships that regulate the control and utilization of data has been constructed,forming a third paradigm of data rights allocation consisting of“exclusion+governance”.
作者
时诚
Shi Cheng(Institute of Law of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
出处
《国家检察官学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第3期77-99,共23页
Journal of National Prosecutors College
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“数字经济治理体系法治化研究”(23&ZD155)
中国社会科学院博士后创新项目
中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目“数据权利配置的范式整合与关系建构研究”(2023M733859)的阶段性成果
关键词
数据权利
法律范式
法律关系
权利束
排他和治理
Data Rights
Legal Paradigm
Legal Relationships
Bundle of Rights
Exclusion and Governance
作者简介
时诚,中国社会科学院法学研究所助理研究员、博士后研究人员。
