摘要
惩罚性赔偿在刑事附带民事公益诉讼场域与刑罚相结合,可以因应犯罪行为的性质,有效促进刑民责任的互补,实现双重惩罚。但惩罚性赔偿与刑罚衔接的难点在于“故意”所代表的主观要件的差异,由《民法典》首次明确在环境侵权惩罚性赔偿主观要件中规定为“故意”,其与刑事故意的差别在于除包含对结果的实际认识外,还包含对结果发生的潜在认识或应然认识,且不同于刑事故意对违法性实质的认知要求。这种差别根源于刑事归责与惩罚性赔偿归责之正当性的根本性差异,即刑事责任的归责依据在于非难可能性,而惩罚性赔偿责任则在于严重的道德可谴责性。应当在正视差异的基础上实现刑事故意与惩罚性赔偿故意的衔接,推动以刑民双重需求为导向的要件认定合理衔接,实现对社会公共利益的保护与救济。
Punitive damages are combined with penalty in the field of criminal with civil public interest litigation,which can adapt to the nature of criminal acts,effectively promote the complementary of criminal and civil responsibilities,and achieve double punishment.But the difficulty in connecting punitive damages and penalty lies in the difference in the subjective elements as“intention”.For the first time,the“Civil Code”clearly stipulated the subjective element of punitive damages for environmental tort as“intention”.This“intention”is different from criminal intention because it includes not only the actual knowledge of the result,but also the potential or expected knowledge of the result,and it has no cognitive requirements on the substance of criminal acts.This difference is rooted in the fundamental difference in the legitimacy of criminal liability and punitive damages,and the connection between criminal intention and punitive damages intention should be realized on the basis of facing the difference,then promote the rational connection of the identification of elements and realize the protection and relief of the public interests of the society.
作者
孙睿
李川
SUN Rui;LI Chuan(School of Law,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China)
出处
《浙江工商大学学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第5期71-82,共12页
Journal of Zhejiang Gongshang University
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“网络智能时代个人信息泛在泄露与刑法有效保护研究”(19BFX076)。
关键词
惩罚性赔偿
刑事附带民事公益诉讼
刑事故意
生态环境侵权
punitive damages
criminal with civil public interest litigation
criminal intention
environmental tort
作者简介
孙睿,男,东南大学法学院博士研究生,主要从事刑法学、环境法学研究;李川,男,东南大学法学院教授,博士生导师,法学博士,主要从事刑法学研究。
