摘要
《民法典》第1232条确立了环境侵权惩罚性赔偿制度,学界对于惩罚性赔偿能否适用于环境民事公益诉讼,存在“肯定说”与“否定说”两种观点。近年来的司法案例显示出惩罚性赔偿在环境侵权诉讼中适用的萧条以及在环境民事公益诉讼中适用的发展趋势。惩罚性赔偿在环境民事公益诉讼中的适用具有可行性、必要性,但应当更严格地有条件适用。有必要进一步明确惩罚性赔偿的适用条件和限度,并对其构成要件、责任承担、数额量定等进行具体适用上的限缩调适。
Since Article 1232 of the Civil Code established a punitive damages system for environmental torts,academic debate has emerged over whether punitive damages are applicable in environmental civil public interest litigation.Two main perspectives have formed:one in favor of applicability and one against.The judicial cases in recent years have shown a decline in the application of punitive damages in environmental tort litigation,yet a growing trend of their application in environmental civil public interest litigation.The application of punitive damages in such public interest litigation is feasible and necessary,but it should be applied more strictly and conditionally.It is necessary to further clarify the applicable conditions and limits of punitive damages,and to limit their specific application with respect to constituent elements,liability,and amount determination.
关键词
惩罚性赔偿
环境民事公益诉讼
限缩适用
punitive damages
environmental civil public interest litigation
limited application
作者简介
高晓丹(1981-),女,河南开封人。现为武汉大学环境法研究所助理研究员。研究方向为环境法学。
