摘要
公共数据治理是数字经济时代必然要面对和解决的重要议题,对公共数据的治理应当建立在对其权属厘定这一逻辑起点之上。不同于传统的有体物,公共数据作为一种客观无体物,宜将其视为一种新型的具有财产权属性的“公物”,公共数据应当成为财产权的客体。但传统的财产权理论无法揭示公共数据的权属问题,宜将公共数据上附着的权利分为所有权、使用权以及收益权三项权利,并将所有权厘定为国家所有、使用权归属于全体公民、收益权设定为可协商权利。在公共数据“三权分置”理论指引下,需要进一步通过专门立法明确公共数据权属,构建政府主导的多元共治格局,健全“谁使用,谁保护”的数据保护制度,遵循“谁贡献,谁受益”的利益分配原则等具体规则设计开展公共数据治理。
Public data governance is a pressing issue that demands resolution in the era of the digital economy.The foundation of public data governance rests upon the fundamental principle of delineating the rights associated with public data.Unlike traditional tangible assets,public data,being an objective and intangible entity,should be recognized as a novel form of“public property”imbued with property rights attributes,thus becoming the subject of property rights.Nevertheless,the conventional property rights theory falls short in elucidating the rights inherent to public data.It is more fitting to disaggregate the rights associated with public data into three distinct components:ownership,usage rights,and income rights.Ownership should be vested in the state,usage rights extended to all citizens,and income rights designated as negotiable.Guided by the“division of three rights”theory,a comprehensive delineation of public data rights should be further refined through specialized legislation.This entails establishing a government-led,pluralistic,co-governance framework and enhancing the“who uses,who protects”data protection system.Adhering to the“who contributes,who benefits”principle will underpin the design and execution of effective public data governance strategies.
作者
喻少如
黄卫东
YU Shao-Ru;HUANG Wei-Dong
出处
《党政研究》
北大核心
2023年第5期101-112,128,共13页
Studies on Party and Government
基金
西南政法大学2022年度学生科研创新项目“数字政府建设背景下公共数据开放问题研究”(2022XZXS-018)
教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“全面依法治国视域下司法行政职能定位及作用发挥问题研究”(20JZD021)。
关键词
公共数据
所有权
使用权
收益权
数据治理
Public data
Ownership
Use right
Income right
Data governance
作者简介
喻少如,西南政法大学行政法学院教授,博士生导师;黄卫东,西南政法大学行政法学院博士研究生,重庆401120。
