摘要
公共数据的概念范畴作为公共数据治理的基石,并未达至立法统一和学理共识。无论是当前立法采行的以数据主体要素公共性为核心的归属标准,还是学界提出的以数据内容公共利用价值为内核的用途标准,皆有所短。基于公共数据之事物本质与价值特征,公共数据的范畴勘定应当坚持“主体+内容”双重公共性的标准,即只有数源主体和数据内容本身皆表征公共利益的数据才能作为公共数据,并负担相应的数据处理义务。主体要素的公共性以公共资金保障或政府授权经营为表征,内容要素的公共性则因作为公共产品供给活动的副产品而具备。根据主体要素与内容要素的公共性差异,公共数据呈现为公共性渐次降低的政务数据、公共非营利主体数据、公共营利主体数据和授权经营主体数据四类。
As the cornerstone of public data governance,the concept category of public data has not reached the legislative unity and academic consensus.Whether the attribution criteria with the publicity of data subject elements as the core adopted by the current legislation,or the use criteria with the public use value of data content as the core proposed by the academic community,all have defects.Based on the essence and value characteristics of public data,the definition of the category of public data should adhere to the dual publicity criteria of“subject+content”,that is,only data that both the data source subject and the data content itself represent the public interest can be regarded as public data and bear corresponding obligations of data processing.The publicity of the subject elements is characterized by the guarantee of public funds or the operation authorized by the government,and the publicity of the content elements is possessed as a by-product of the supply of public goods.According to the difference between the publicity of subject elements and content elements,public data can be divided into four categories:government data,public non-profit subject data,public profit subject data and authorized operation subject data.
作者
沈斌
SHEN Bin(Law School of Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079)
出处
《行政法学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第4期64-76,共13页
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW
基金
2020年度国家社科基金青年项目“数字政府建设自动化行政的法律回应研究”(项目编号:20CFX021)。
关键词
公共数据
公共利益
公共产品
认定标准
双重公共性
Public Data
Public Interest
Public Goods
Identification Criteria
Dual Publicity
作者简介
沈斌,讲师。
