摘要
专门教育是国家教育体系的组成部分,也是少年司法体系中具有“提前干预、以教代刑”特点的重要保护处分措施。从20世纪50年代兼具惩戒处分和社会救济性质的工读学校发展到当下的专门学校,性质从半工半读的收容教养发展到体系化矫治教育,功能也扩展到教育预防、提前干预、教育矫正、专门矫治等方面,充分体现了未成年人保护理念和路径的稳健发展,是新时代中国特色社会主义建设基于社会防卫理论对青少年犯罪治理提出的专门要求。究其实质,专门学校也是教育与社会发展及其治理水平的产物,专门学校改革和发展的根本任务要从不平衡、不充分发展的实际出发面向美好生活目的构建中国特色的少年司法教育矫治体系,要以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导,对照国家治理体系和治理能力现代化目标及其法治中国、平安中国建设的实际要求,系统解决专门学校发展缺乏专门法律支持、招生对象与教育对象混同、专学标准不规范与教育质量难以评估、学校数量不足与师资力量较为薄弱、专门学校教育的标签化和污名化等方面的问题。
Specialized education is an integral part of the national education system of China and an important protective disciplinary measure in the juvenile justice system with the characteristics of“intervention in advance and punishment through education”.The development of reformatory schools for juvenile delinquents from the 1950 s,which had the features of both punishment and social relief,to the current specialized schools,reveals the shift of the characteristics of the juvenile reformatory custody and reeducation through half-work and half-study to the systematic correctional education,as well as the expansion of functions to education-based prevention,early intervention,correctional education and specialized correction,which fully reflect the steady development of the idea and methods for juvenile protection,and are the special requirements of constructing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era based on the social defense theory for juvenile criminal governance.In essence,specialized schools are a product of the educational and social development and governance level,while the basic goal of the reform and development of specialized schools aims to face the reality of unbalanced and inadequate development and to construct a correctional education system of juvenile justice with Chinese characteristics for a good life.We should follow Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era,meet the requirements for the modernization of our national governance system and capacity as well as the construction of“Safe China”by rule of law,comprehensively solve such problems as the lack of special legal support for the development of specialized schools,the confusion between enrollment targets and education targets,the unscientific curriculum standards,poor criteria of quality assessment,inadequate teachers and specialized schools,and the mislabeling and stigmatization of specialized schools.
作者
尤伟琼
王丽萍
YOU Weiqiong;WANG Liping(School of Law and Sociology,Yunnan Normal University,Kunming 650228,China)
出处
《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第6期70-78,共9页
Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition
关键词
专门教育
工读学校
教育矫治
重构
specialized education
reformatory schools for juvenile delinquents
correctional education
reconstruction
作者简介
尤伟琼,女,云南宣威人,云南师范大学教授,博士生导师,研究方向为教育与边疆社会发展。
