摘要
《民法典》首章集中规定基本原则的立法例,使我国在诚实信用、公序良俗领域中形成了前有基本原则、后有概括条款的特色立法构造。特色立法呼唤与之相适应的解释论。通过汲取比较法上的区分经验与理论资源,我们可以对基本原则与概括条款作出合理区分。《民法典》第7、8条是诚实信用原则与公序良俗原则,其后诸多包含有诚实信用、公序良俗的条文为概括条款。观念上可以认为,诚实信用原则、公序良俗原则是从相关概括条款之中整体类推产生的,而我国民法将这些基本原则制定法化了。概括条款是一种特殊的规则,是裁判依据;基本原则不是规则,不能直接作为裁判依据充当司法三段论大前提,法官基于基本原则裁判时有提出规则的义务。基本原则虽非裁判依据,但在司法裁判中具有解释功能、补充功能及修正功能,仍具重要实践意义。
The legislative model of centrally stipulating the basic principles in the first chapter of the Civil Code enables China to form a characteristic legislative structure with basic principles in the front and general clauses in the back in the field of good faith and public order and good morals.The characteristic legislation calls for an interpretation theory that is compatible with it.By absorbing the distinguishing experience and academic resources of comparative law,we can make a reasonable distinction between basic principles and general clauses.Articles 7 and 8 of the Civil Code are the principle of good faith and the principle of public order and good morals.The subsequent articles that contain good faith,public order and good morals are general clauses.Conceptually,it can be considered that the principle of good faith and the principle of public order and good morals are analogized from the relevant general clauses,and the Chinese civil law legalizes these basic principles.The general clauses are a kind of special rules,which are the basis for judgments;basic principles are not rules and cannot be directly used as the basis for judgments to serve as the premise of the judicial syllogism.Judges have an obligation to propose rules when making judgments based on basic principles.Although the basic principles are not the basis for judgments,they have interpretive,supplementary and correction functions in judicial judgments,which still have important practical significance.
出处
《中国法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第4期25-43,共19页
China Legal Science
基金
2017年度国家社科基金重点项目“法学方法论视角下民法基本原则的司法适用研究”(项目批准号:17AFX019)的阶段性成果。
作者简介
于飞,中国政法大学民商经济法学院教授。
