摘要
刑法修正案十一(草案)公布伊始就引发了广泛讨论,随后的调整甚至引发了更大的争议。所有争议的本质还是立场选择——如何看待回应型的积极性立法的问题。法益理论无法提供一个批判立法的武器,无法撼动积极立法观的价值基础,反而常常为积极立法助力。即使承认犯罪的本质是法益侵犯,也只能在刑法解释论范围内腾挪,在政策评价领域或者说在刑事立法领域,无法直接证明法益保护理论可以提供一个立法批判功能。在刑事立法领域应遵循规范保护为主的原则。立法的合理性包含着外在道德评价和内在道德评价。外在规范伦理的层次性特征恰恰为行为入罪与否提供了相对规范的标准。刑事立法首先要遵循规范伦理,要受到法律内在道德的制约与立法良知的制约。这是刑法成为良法的基本前提。同时,刑事法又因为涉及底线人权,所以其受到的制约应该更为广泛和严格。此外,刑法的修正不能也无法建立在期望其他法律配合的基础之上。就内在道德而言,刑事立法应当满足清晰性、一致性以及可实现性等诉求。
The Amendment(Ⅺ)to the Criminal Law(Draft)has aroused extensive discussions since the very beginning of its publication.The subsequent adjustments have led to even greater controversy.The essence of all disputes is the choice of position-a question of how to view the responsive type of positive legislation.The theory of legal interests cannot provide weapons to criticize legislation,and cannot shake the value foundation of the view of positive legislation.On the contrary,it often contributes to positive legislation.Even if it is admitted that the essence of a crime is the violation of legal interests,it can only be maneuvered within the scope of the criminal law interpretation,and there is no direct proof that the theory of legal interests protection can provide a legislation-criticizing function in the field of policy evaluation or criminal legislation.In the field of criminal legislation,the principle of normative protection should be followed.The legislative rationality includes external and internal moral evaluation.Precisely the hierarchical characteristics of external normative ethics provide a relatively normative standard for whether the behavior should be convicted or not.Criminal legislation must first follow normative ethics,and must be restricted by the inherent morality of the law and the conscience of legislation.This is the basic premise for criminal law to become good law.Meanwhile,criminal law,because of the involvement of bottom-line human rights,should be subject to wider and stricter constraints.In addition,the amendment of the criminal law cannot and should not be based on the expectation of cooperation with other laws.In terms of the intrinsic morality of criminal legislation,the demands of clarity,consistency and feasibility should be satisfied.
出处
《东方法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期102-113,共12页
Oriental Law
关键词
刑法修正案十一
回应型立法
刑事政策
法益
法律的内在道德
刑法科学性
the AmendmentⅪto the Criminal Law
responsive type of legislation
criminal policy
legal interests
intrinsic morality of law
scientificity of Criminal Law
作者简介
孙万怀,华东政法大学刑事法学院教授、博士生导师。
