摘要
《数据安全法》确立的数据分类分级保护理念,对我国数据犯罪治理具有前置法的基本指引作用,同时其也是数据犯罪治理的必经过程和重要方法。数据分类分级的刑法保护首先应当区分分类与分级的概念,而在此基础上,分类决定分级保护说将分级保护概念置于形式化地位,并不可取。刑法应当塑造分类和分级保护的独立关系理论,明确数据分类保护的内容属性和分级保护的危害属性的划分标准。类别保护的既有混淆模式容易导致定罪量刑的偏差和错乱,刑法应当构建信息数据和系统数据的类别区分标准。数据分类保护“民行”规范的直接套用是一种简单移植的衔接模式,不利于不同部门法数据类别保护的差异化,规范区分衔接理论能够在法秩序统一原理的基础上体现“民行刑”规范的差异化保护。目前,关联性标准作为数据分级保护方案仍处于模糊状态,刑法可以融合风险场景理论,类型化分析不同数据层级的保护架构。
The concept of data classification and hierarchical protection established by the Data Security Law serves as a basic guidance for China's data crime governance as well as a necessary process and important method for data crime governance.The criminal law protection of data classification and classification should first distinguish between the concepts of classification and classification,and on this basis,the classification determines that the classification protection theory places the concept of classification protection in a formal position,which is not advisable.Criminal law should shape the independent relationship theory between classification and hierarchical protection,and clarify the classification criteria for the content attributes of data classification protection and the hazard attributes of hierarchical protection.For the protection of internal and external data categories,the existing confusion pattern of category protection can easily lead to deviation and confusion in conviction and sentencing.Criminal law should establish a classification standard for information data and system data.The direct application of the pre law norms for data classification and protection is a simple transplant bridging model,which is not conducive to the differentiation of data classification protection in different departments.The normative differentiation bridging theory can reflect the differential protection of"civil law,administrative law,and criminal law"norms on the basis of the unified principle of law and order.Currently,the relevance standard as a hierarchical data protection scheme is still in a vague state,and criminal law can integrate risk scenario theory to analyze the protection architecture of different data levels in a typological manner.
出处
《政法论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第3期155-167,共13页
Tribune of Political Science and Law
基金
国家社科基金青年项目“数据安全的刑法区分性保护研究”(22CFX015)
司法部法治建设与法学理论研究科研项目“数据犯罪治理的‘民行刑’衔接路径研究”(21SFB3009)的阶段性成果
关键词
信息数据
系统数据
分类保护
分级保护
数据犯罪
Information Data
System Data
Classified Protection
Graded Protection
Datacrime
作者简介
熊波,华东政法大学刑事法学院副教授。
