乡村振兴背景下非遗传承人与新乡贤的互构机制——以“撒叶儿嗬”传承现状为中心的考察被引量：18

Interstructure Mechanism of Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritors and New Rural Elites under the Background of Rural Revitalization——Case Study Focusing on the Present Situation of “Sayerhe” Inheritance

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摘要非物质文化遗产保护、传承与创新已嵌入我国的公共文化事业建设、地方经济社会发展和国家话语权提升的进程中,也是我国当前开展乡村文化振兴的重要内容。国家级非物质文化遗产"撒叶儿嗬"是清江中游地区土家族具有代表性的传统文化事项。在"撒叶儿嗬"的非遗保护实践中,传承空间从家庭走向社区,传承模式从个人自发参与转变为传承基地组织的系统培训与展演;非遗传承人的角色实现从制度性安排向富有情怀的新乡贤身份的转变。新乡贤作为新时代背景下乡村建设过程中重要的参与主体,是具有乡土情怀、有一定资财和威望的社区能人,在传统文化传承创新中起到引领示范作用。非遗传承人和新乡贤是不同语境中连接官方与民间、国家与社会以及大传统与小传统的地方社会精英,不仅在核心理念、基本目标和实践主体上具有相似性;而且在学术认知、政策框架和社会功能上具有互补性。从个人与社会的关系来看,非遗传承人与新乡贤在理念和实践上相互嵌入、共生互动。实现从国家制度安排下的非遗传承人身份向文化引领型新乡贤角色的转变,有助于解决当前对非遗传承人管理及其作用发挥中存在的问题,提升非物质文化遗产保护在乡村社会的功能性、生活性和生产性,助推非物质文化遗产保护实践与乡村振兴战略整体目标的深度融合。 The protection,inheritance and innovation of intangible cultural heritage has been embedded in the process of public cultural undertakings,local economic and social development and the improvement of national discourse power,and is also an important part of China’s current rural cultural revitalization.National intangible cultural heritage"Sayerhe"is traditional cultural element in Tujia ethnic group in the mid range of Qingjiang River area.In the practice of intangible cultural heritage protection of"Sayerhe",the inheritance space changes from family to community,and the inheritance mode from individual spontaneous participation to the systematic training and performance of inheritance.The intangible cultural heritage inheritor realize transformation from institutional arrangement to passionate new village elites.As an important participant in the process of rural construction under the background of the new era,the new rural elites are community capable people with passion towards rural affairs and certain wealth and prestige.They play a leading and exemplary role in the inheritance and innovation of traditional culture.Intangible cultural heritage inheritors and new rural elites are the local social elites who can connect the authorities and local people,the country and the society,as well as the big and small traditions in different contexts.From the perspective of personal and society relations,intangible cultural heritage inheritors and new villagers are embedded and interacted in concept and practice.To realize the transformation of intangible cultural heritage inheritors under the national institutional arrangement to the role of cultural-guided new rural elites can benefit solving the problems existing in the management of intangible cultural heritage inheritors.It can improve the functional,living and productive nature of intangible cultural heritage protection in rural society,and boost the deep integration of the practice of intangible cultural heritage protection and the overall goal of rural revitalization strategy.

作者谭志满 TAN Zhi-man(School of Ethnology and Sociology,Hubei Minzu University,Enshi Hubei 445000)

机构地区湖北民族大学民族学与社会学学院

出处《中央民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》 CSSCI 北大核心 2021年第4期123-132,共10页 Journal of Minzu University of China(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基金国家社会科学基金重点项目“新乡贤与民族地区乡村文化振兴研究”(项目编号:19AMZ010)的阶段性成果

关键词非遗保护乡村文化振兴非遗传承人新乡贤 intangible cultural heritage protection rural cultural revitalization intangible cultural heritage inheritor new rural elite

分类号 K892.22 [历史地理—民俗学]

作者简介谭志满(1969—),男(土家族),湖北巴东人,博士,湖北民族大学民族学与社会学学院教授,主要研究方向为民族历史文化与社会发展等。