摘要
在司法实践中,个人信息民事公益诉讼存在诉讼目的界分不明、起诉人顺位不清、管辖法院级别不定,以及对损害赔偿请求态度不一等问题。个人信息保护法中的“个人信息公共利益”应为不特定多数社会个体所需的良好个人信息宏观环境,是独立并超越个人信息主体私人利益的“纯粹性公益”,而非众多私益汇集而成的“集合性公益”,具体可以解构为个人信息社会环境、个人信息经济环境和个人信息道德环境。在起诉人顺位上,将检察院作为第一顺位起诉主体,有助于利用其出色的诉讼能力争取胜诉。实行“基层人民法院为主、中级人民法院为辅”的管辖方针,有助于发挥基层人民法院的办案优势。此外,肯定公益性损害赔偿请求,有助于发挥公益诉讼修复损害、预防侵权行为的制度功能。
The advent of the digital age in the 21^(st) century has led China to adopt civil public interest litigation to protect personal information.The 2021“Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China”established civil public interest litigation for personal information as a new category,particularly in Article 70.However,due to the principle-level nature of Article 70’s provisions and its differences from Article 58 of the“Civil Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China,”regarding general civil public interest litigation,several issues have emerged in judicial practice.These include unclear delineation of litigation purposes,ambiguous plaintiff prioritization,undefined court jurisdiction levels,and inconsistent approaches to damage claims.The ambiguity in defining the purpose of personal information civil public interest litigation stems from varying court interpretations of public interest in personal information.Civil public interest litigation aims to protect“pure public interest”-interests shared by an unspecified majority,transcending individual private interests and indivisible.These are abstract conditions or macroenvironments necessary for the survival and development of an unspecified majority.In personal information,public interest encompasses social,economic,and moral environments.Unlike Article 58 of the Civil Procedure Law,which positions the procuratorate as a secondary plaintiff,Article 70 of the Personal Information Protection Law designates the procuratorate,legally specified consumer organizations,and organizations identified by national network regulators as primary plaintiffs.This elevation of the procuratorate aligns with recent developments in procuratorial work and public interest litigation trends in China.It enables the procuratorate to leverage its investigative powers,technical capabilities,and evidence collected during investigations to pursue successful litigation and safeguard public interest in personal information protection.Given the recent surge in personal information civil public interest lawsuits,typically involving small claim amounts,and considering the judicial capacity across various court levels,a jurisdiction policy of“primary courts as main,intermediate courts as auxiliary”should be implemented for these cases.As the purpose of public interest litigation on personal information is to protect public interest,which is independent of and transcends individual private interests,plaintiffs should be allowed to claim damages.Public interest compensation can be used for restoring damages to public interest in personal information and preventing risks,while also serving as a deterrent against future violations of the public interest of personal information.
作者
朱钰奇
Zhu Yuqi(School of Civil and Commercial Economics and Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,P.R.China)
出处
《山东大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第6期73-84,共12页
Journal of Shandong University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)
基金
国家社科基金青年项目“民事执行法典化背景下对债权的执行制度研究”(20CFX030)。
关键词
个人信息
公共利益
起诉人
损害赔偿
检察公益诉讼
Personal information
Public interest
Plaintiff
Damages
Public interest litigation
作者简介
朱钰奇,中国政法大学民商经济法学院讲师,博士后(北京100088,drxiaozhu@126.com)。
