摘要
宅基地制度有偿改革是针对过去宅基地无偿取得和使用而展开的市场化改革,包括宅基地制度的有偿分配、有偿使用、有偿流转、有偿抵押、有偿退出等。各项有偿改革是一个整体,贯穿了宅基地权利的“得丧变更”。其所涉基础权利应定性为“三权分置”中的宅基地使用权。因所涉客体的不同,存在两条基本路径。在“一户一宅”或者“户有所居”的路径下,该权利所具有的收益、处分权能与《民法典》宅基地使用权所肩负的居住保障功能冲突尤显。在现行法律框架内,“三权分置”中的宅基地使用权应派生于宅基地所有权,并可依《民法典》宅基地使用权的制度框架为其立基者,但其行使应受到审核批准、用途规划、登记、物权法定等法律制度的约束,并且其物权效力和法律效果均受到不同程度的限制。
The paid reform of homestead system is a market-oriented reform in response to unpaid acquisition and use of homestead bases in the past,including paid allocation,paid use,paid transfer,paid mortgage and paid withdrawal of homestead system.The various paid reforms are an integral part of the“change of acquisition and loss”of residential land rights.The underlying rights involved should be characterized as the right to use the residential land in the“separation of three rights”.Depending on the object involved,there are two basic paths.Under the path of“one house for one family”or“one house for one family”,the right to gain and dispose of the right is particularly in conflict with the function of residential security that the right to use a residential base of the Civil Code is responsible for.Within the existing legal framework,the right to use residential land in the“three rights of separation”should be derived from the ownership of residential land,and can be based on the institutional framework of the Civil Code’s right to use residential land,but its exercise should be subject to the legal systems of approval,use planning,registration,and statutory property rights,and its property rights and legal effects are restricted in different degrees.This may provide a useful reference for the“formulation of specific measures for the transfer of land in compensation”proposed in Document No.1 of the Central Government in 2021.
出处
《农业经济问题》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第2期50-65,共16页
Issues in Agricultural Economy
关键词
宅基地制度有偿改革
民法典宅基地使用权
“三权分置”中宅基地使用权
Reform of the residential base system in return for compensation
Civil code residential base use rights
Residential base use rights in the separation of powers
