摘要
无论是基于文义分析还是服务于宅基地"三权分置"改革目标,宅基地资格权均应被界定为申请分配宅基地的资格。宅基地资格权的主体为未充分享受宅基地福利分配权益的本集体经济组织成员户,极其特殊情况下可以扩展至国家政策性移民等特殊人员。宅基地资格权一经实现便消灭,但宅基地因自然灾害而灭失的,发生宅基地资格权重新取得的效果。宅基地资格权的享有以"户"为单位,面积标准受人均耕地面积、地理区位、地形地貌、占地类型、户内人口数等因素影响。宅基地资格权以"一户一宅"为主要和优先实现形式,并需经历"农户申请——集体审查——政府审批——划定宅基地——不动产登记"等程序;在土地资源不足以支撑的地区,可以采取农民住宅小区、农民公寓、集中统建、多户联建等多种实现形式。在确保户有所居的前提下,可以建立宅基地资格权退出(置换)和保留制度,以兼顾农户宅基地权益的保障和土地利用效率的提升。
Whether it is based on literal analysis or serving the goal of the"three rights separation"reform of homesteads,homestead qualification rights should be defined as the qualifications for applying for welfare distribution of homesteads.The subject of the homestead qualification right is the member households of the collective economic organization that have not fully enjoyed the rights and interests of the homestead welfare distribution.Under extremely special circumstances,it can be extended to special personnel such as national policy immigration.Once the homestead qualification right is realized,it will be eliminated,but if the homestead is lost due to natural disasters,the effect of regaining the homestead qualification right will occur.The right to homestead qualifications is based on"households",and the area size standard is affected by factors such as per capita arable land,geographic location,topography,land occupation type,and household population.The homestead qualification right takes"one household,one homestead"as the main and priority form of realization,and it needs to go through the procedures of"households’application——collective review——government approval——demarcation of homestead——real estate registration".In those areas that land resources are insufficient,multiple forms such as farmers housing complex,farmer apartments,centralized construction,and multi-family joint construction can be taken to realize homestead qualification right.On the premise of ensuring that every household have a living,the homestead qualification right withdrawal(replacement)and retention system can be established to take into account the protection of farmers’homestead rights and the improvement of land use efficiency.
出处
《法学评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期78-93,共16页
Law Review
基金
国家社科基金重点项目《民法典编纂视域下农村土地制度改革试点的法理透视与立法表达研究》(项目编号:19AFX014)的阶段性成果
关键词
宅基地资格权
宅基地使用权
三权分置
Homestead Qualification Rights
Homestead Rights
Three Rights Separation
作者简介
宋志红,中央财经大学法学院教授。
