摘要
有关抽象危险犯的讨论以正确区分抽象危险犯与实害犯、具体危险犯为前提。对于危险犯的分类,应当以我国刑法分则的规定为依据,不宜照搬国外的概念;不必在具体危险犯与抽象危险犯之外增加第三种危险犯的概念,但需要注重抽象危险犯的内部差异性,进而就抽象危险犯进行再分类;根据我国刑法分则的规定,可以将抽象危险犯区分为接近实害型、紧迫危险型、普通型、累积型与预备型;对后三类抽象危险犯应适当限制其成立范围。就具体危险犯而言,司法人员在任何案件中都应当正面判断行为是否造成了具体危险;就抽象危险犯而言,司法人员需要在少数案件中反面判断行为是否没有造成抽象危险,从而将不存在抽象危险的行为排除在犯罪之外。
The discussion about crimes of abstract endangerment is based on the correct distinction between crimes of abstract endangerment,crimes of actual harm and crimes of concrete endangerment.As to the classification of endangerment crimes,we should take provisions of the Special Part of the Criminal Law of our country as the basis.It is not appropriate to copy relevant concepts from foreign countries;and it is not necessary to create a third concept of endangerment crimes besides crimes of concrete and abstract endangerment,however,it is necessary to pay attention to the internal differences within crimes of abstract endangerment,and then make a re-classification therein.According to provisions of the Special Part of the Criminal Law of our country,crimes of abstract endangerment can be divided into the following types of danger:near to actual harm,immediate danger,usual abstract danger,accumulative danger and preparatory danger.The latter three types of danger should be appropriately limited within their establishment scope.For crimes of concrete endangerment,the judicial official should make a positive judgement about whether the act has created a concrete danger in all cases;for crimes of abstract endangerment,the judicial official should make a negative judgement about whether the act has not caused any abstract danger so that to exclude some act that has not created any abstract danger out of the category of crime.
出处
《政法论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第1期72-88,共17页
Tribune of Political Science and Law
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“我国刑法修正的理论模型与制度实践研究”(16ZDA060)的阶段性成果
关键词
抽象危险犯
具体危险犯
危险类型
实质判断
Crimes of Abstract Endangerment
Crimes of Concrete Endangerment
Types of Danger
Substantial Judgement
作者简介
张明楷,清华大学法学院教授。
