摘要
民法典编纂中大量使用了参照适用这一立法技术,实现了简化条文、规范存储、增进体系化和查缺补漏的功能。在民法典贯彻实施中必须准确适用参照适用规范,以实现上述功能。参照适用规范与直接适用规范存在区别,二者在是否需要找法、是否需要辨别相似性、是否可以排除部分规范适用以及裁判者自由裁量权限等方面存在显著不同。参照适用也不同于类推,裁判者在能够通过参照适用条款寻找到裁判规范时,不宜适用类推进行漏洞填补。在实践中,应当区分概括参照与具体参照条款,依据二者的特点分别确定适用的规则和步骤。在参照适用条款的适用中,应当从立法目的出发,判断调整对象的相似性,并最终依据法律体系进行法律适用结果的检验。
In the compilation of our Civil Code,the legislation technology of reference application has been extensively used,which has realized the functions of simplifying provisions,standardizing storageenhancing systematization and checking for loopholes.In the implementation of the Civil Code,the applicable norms must be accurately applied and referenced in order to achieve the above functions.There is a difference between reference applicable norms and directly applicable norms.There are significant differences between the two in terms of whether it is necessary to find a law.whether to distinguish similarities,whether to exclude some norms from being applied,and the discretion of the judges.Reference application is also different from analogy.When judges can find specifications by referring to applicable clauses,it is not appropriate to apply analogy to fill loopholes.In practice,we should distinguish between general reference and specific reference clauses,and determine the applicable rules and steps based on the characteristics of the two.In the application of reference to the applicable clauses,we should proceed from the legislative purpose,judge the similarity of the adjustment objects,and finally test the results of the application of the law in accordance with the legal system.
出处
《政法论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第1期44-55,共12页
Tribune of Political Science and Law
关键词
参照适用
直接适用
类推适用
拟制
Reference Applicable Clauses
Direct Application
Analogy Application
Fiction
作者简介
王利明,中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心研究员,中国人民大学法学院教授。
