摘要
中国正处于"全面商化"阶段,由于缺乏《商法通则》,法官经常需要面对如何区分及处理民事与商事交易的问题,特别是《民法典》与商事单行法之间的表面冲突与矛盾应如何化解等问题将长期摆在我们面前。《九民纪要》等解释性文件虽部分地处理了《民法总则》与《公司法》《合同法》的协调问题,但对商法中一些核心原则和观念(例如外观主义、公司法的团体性理念)的坚守尚存在偏差。对此,恐应超越商事交易裁判中的"普通民法逻辑",坚持商事特别法优先适用的原则。在司法实践中,一是应当调整公司对外担保纠纷的裁判规则,债权人不能以其不知法律及章程的规定为由主张其为善意相对人。同时应调整对上市公司担保的诸多规则,不应忽视章程对外担保数额限制规则的法效力。二是应以"信托设立目的违法"为由,全面否定通道业务信托合同的效力,遵循商事特别法——信托法个别规范优先适用规则。三是应当调整隐名持股协议的法效力规则,在组织法上贯彻严格的外观主义原则,矫正关于外观主义仅在交易法中适用的片面见解。
China is in the stage of"comprehensive commercialization".Due to the lack of"General Principles of Commercial Law",judges often have to face the problem of how to distinguish civil transactions and commercial transactions,especially how to resolve the surface conflicts between the Civil Code and the Specific Commercial Law.Although some judicial interpretations such as the Summary of National Conference on Civil and Commercial Trials deal with the coordination between the General Principles of the Civil Law,the Company Law and the Contract Law,there are still deviations in the adherence to some core principles in the Commercial Law(for example,commercial externalism and the concept of group in the Company Law).In this regard,we should go beyond the"logic of common civil law"in the judgment of commercial transactions and stick to the principle of preferential application of specific commercial law.In judicial practice,the first thing to do is to adjust the judgment rules of the company’s external guarantee,the creditor can’t claim that it is an innocent counterpart because he does not know the provisions of the law and the articles of association.At the same time,we should adjust the rules on the guarantee of listed companies,should not ignore the bad effect on limiting the amount of external guarantee.Secondly,the validity of trust contract on channel business should be completely denied because of"the purpose of trust is illegal",and follow the preferential application of the trust law.Thirdly,it is necessary to adjust the legal effect of the implicit shareholding agreement,strict implement the principle of externalism in the organizational law,and correct the one-sided view that externalism is only applicable in the transaction law.
作者
蒋大兴
Jiang Daxing(Law School of Peking University)
出处
《国家检察官学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期3-24,共22页
Journal of National Prosecutors College
关键词
规范冲突
商事裁判
商事特别法
优先适用
Norms Conflict
Commercial Referee
Special Commercial Law
Preferentially Apply
作者简介
蒋大兴,北京大学法学院教授、华东政法大学“经天学者”荣誉教授。
