股权让与担保限制论被引量：7

On the Limitation on the Equity Transfer Guarantee

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摘要近年来,伴随着活跃的融资活动而产生的股权让与担保实践,被认为是一种非典型担保,有利于增强中小企业的融资能力。从《中华人民共和国民法典》及相关司法解释所明确的让与担保制度,并不能直接推出承认股权让与担保制度的结论。司法案件审判结果固然可以作为观察股权让与担保制度的样本,但其呈现的问题主要集中于合同效力、担保责任等层面,未能全面构建股权让与担保涉及股权变动、公司治理、民事执行、破产等层面的协调体系。从制度功能讲,股权让与担保未必能促进融资,反而可能增强股权受让人的强势地位。不应急于将股权让与担保明确为一种非典型担保。应对司法实践纠纷解决,可区分股权让担保的对内对外关系处理。对内关系中,原则上应尊重当事人的意思自治,对股权让与担保所涉的融资、股权转让、担保意思做整体性解释;对外关系中,应遵循商事外观主义原则,通过保护第三人的信赖,来具体阐释涉股权让与担保的股东权利、公司治理、民事执行、破产清偿等规则。 In recent years,the equity transfer guarantee emerging together with active financing activities,is considered as an atypical guarantee,which is conducive to enhancing the financing capacity of SMEs.The clear stipulation of transfer guarantee system in Chinese Civil Code and relevant judicial interpretations cannot directly lead to the conclusion that the equity transfer guarantee system has been recognized.Although the trial results of judicial cases may be used as a sample to observe the equity transfer guarantee system,the issues they have shown are mainly focused on the contract effectiveness,guarantee liability and other aspects,and they fail to build a comprehensive and coordinated system on equity transfer guarantee involving equity change,corporate governance,civil enforcement,bankruptcy and other aspects.From the perspective of institutional functions,equity transfer guarantee can unnecessarily promote financing,but may enhance the strong position of equity transferee.Therefore,it is not urgent to clarify the equity transfer guarantee as an atypical guarantee.In order to resolve disputes in judicial practice,the internal and external relations of equity transfer guarantee can be distinguished.In the internal relationship,it is the principle to respect the autonomy of will of the parties,and make a comprehensive interpretation of the financing,equity transfer and guarantee intention involved in the equity transfer guarantee;In the external relationship,it is necessary to comply with the principle of commercial appearanceism to protect the trust of the third party,and to specifically explain rules on shareholders’rights,corporate governance,civil enforcement,bankruptcy liquidation and other issues related to the equity transfer guarantee.

作者姚海放 YAO Haifang

机构地区中国人民大学法学院

出处《政治与法律》 CSSCI 北大核心 2023年第3期161-176,共16页 Political Science and Law

基金中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目“网络金融治理的法治化研究”(项目编号:22XNQT10)的阶段性成果

关键词股权让与担保让与担保股权质押商事外观物权法定 Equity Transfer Guarantee Transfer Guarantee Equity Pledge Commercial Appearance Numerus Clausus

分类号 DF411.91 [政治法律—经济法学]

作者简介姚海放,中国人民大学法学院副教授、中国人民大学经济法学研究中心研究员。