摘要
关于数据跨境流动的法律规制,全球虽未形成统一规则,但其核心争议始终围绕数据与主权的关系展开。依托现代国际公法秩序的“数据主权论”坚持数据治理依然从属于传统主权,其理论沿革从网络主权向技术主权不断延伸和发展,而建立在互联网世界主义理想下的“数据自由论”强调数据可以排除主权干预地自由流动,并集中表现为对数据及其控制者的长臂管辖。两种秩序主张在实践中呈现彼此竞争又相互交融的复杂样态。实践中,体现二者直接冲突的案例屡见不鲜,而且同一主体主张双重秩序的混合范式时有发生。在此背景下,中国数据跨境流动的立法进路需要平衡两种秩序之间的冲突。既要坚持以数据主权为基础的秩序构建,在参考欧盟最新数字战略的基础上适当扩大现有理论外延,也要正视数字经济时代效率价值的重要地位,避免僵化地固守数据主权,注意行使主权的必要谦抑。同时还需重视对长臂管辖的立法阻断,在兼顾安全与发展的基础上通过内外联动的法律体系推动互联网国际治理体系的完善。
Although there is no uniform global rule on the legal regulation of cross-border data flow,the core dispute in this field always centers on the relationship between data and sovereignty.The doctrine of data sovereignty,which relies on modern international law order,insists that data governance still belongs to traditional sovereignty and that its theoretical front line is continuously extending from network-sovereignty to technological-sovereignty,whereas the doctrine of data liberation,which is based on the idea of Internet cosmopolitanism,emphasizes that data should be able to flow freely without interference from sovereignty and is embodied in a concentrated way in the long-arm jurisdiction over data controllers.In practice,these two order propositions present a complex state of competition and integration.On the one hand,cases of direct conflict are common occurrences.On the other hand,mixed paradigm of double order advocated by the same subject sometimes happens.In this context,China’s legislative approach to cross-border data flow needs to strike a balance between these two order propositions.It should adhere to the order construction based on data sovereignty and expand the extension of the existing theory in light of the latest digital strategy of EU while laying emphasis on efficiency value in digital economy era,avoiding rigid adherence to data sovereignty,and exercising necessary sovereignty-deference.Moreover,China should also attach importance to legislative blocking of the long-arm jurisdiction and promote the improvement of international Internet governance system through the coordination of internal and external legal systems on the basis of attaching equal importance to both security and development.
出处
《环球法律评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第2期180-192,共13页
Global Law Review
作者简介
刘天骄,复旦大学法学院博士后研究人员。
