摘要
数字经济背景下,国家基于安全、隐私保护等监管目标采用数据本地化措施对数据跨境流动予以限制并引发争议。然而WTO框架下缺乏针对该措施的专门规则,为回应规制需求发起的诸边谈判也因各方分歧难以达成共识。这一规制困境促使许多国家转而在自由贸易协定中制定相关规则。以自由贸易协定为切入点,在分析美欧主导规制模式的基础上,提出比例原则指导下的“禁止+例外”模式是协调价值冲突并保障数据跨境自由流动的合理路径。当前中国高度重视网络安全,在国内法中确立了严格的数据本地化要求,而全球治理框架下数据流动的趋势必然是更加自由的,中国应重新审视监管与发展的关系,完善国内数据本地化规则,积极参与国际规制协作,通过自贸协定谈判提升规则制定的话语权。
In the context of digital economy,states adopt data localization measures to restrict the cross-border data flow based on regulatory goals such as security and privacy protection,which has triggered disputes.However,the WTO does not formulate specific rules for digital trade,and the plurilateral negotiations have also failed to reach a consensus due to differences among the parties.This regulatory dilemma has prompted many countries to turn to the free trade agreement.Taking it as the starting point and on the basis of analyzing the leading regulation mode of the United States and European Union,we propose the“prohibition+exception”mode guided by the principle of proportionality as a reasonable path to coordinate value conflicts and ensure the free flow of data across borders.At present,China attaches great importance to cyber security and has established strict data localization requirements in domestic laws.However,the trend of data flow under the framework of global governance is bound to be more liberal.China should re-examine the relationship between supervision and development,improve domestic rules,actively participate in international regulatory coordination,and enhance the right to rule-making through free trade agreement negotiations.
出处
《海关与经贸研究》
2022年第1期76-91,共16页
Journal of Customs and Trade
关键词
自由贸易协定
数据本地化
规制模式
数据跨境流动
Free Trade Agreements
Data Localization
Regulation Mode
Cross-Border Data Flow
作者简介
卢菊,浙江工商大学东方语言与哲学学院。
