摘要
测算农村宅基地退出的合理补偿标准,对保障农民公平分享土地增值收益,具有重要意义。本文基于机会成本内涵,从农村宅基地退出的机会成本(宅基地直接经济价值、农村生活方式保持价值及宅基地发展权价值)与其复垦的新增耕地经济价值(农业生产价值)两方面分析宅基地退出补偿标准构成,并分别采用替代法、直接支出法、假设开发法、收益还原法等进行分项价值核算,并以江苏省扬州市为例开展实证研究。结果表明:(1)宅基地退出的机会成本与其复垦耕地的经济价值差值即为宅基地退出的机会成本损失,据此确定的研究区宅基地退出补偿标准约为352.83元/m^2,是现行补偿标准的1.63倍;与现行补偿标准相比,新的补偿标准不仅从住房保障功能、出租与畜禽养殖的经济收益功能测算宅基地直接经济价值,还估算了宅基地维持农村生活方式的日常消费节约价值和未来可能转为城镇建设用地的发展权价值,完善了宅基地退出的农户补偿范围。(2)由于基于机会成本的宅基地退出补偿标准远低于研究区当年国有建设用地供应最低等级建设用地平均基准地价和前一年土地出让均价,该补偿标准具有较高经济可行性。因此,为推动农村宅基地有序退出,应基于农户全部利益损失科学建立农村宅基地退出的"成本-收益"指标核算体系,显化其机会成本;同时,通过明确产权、健全农村土地价格评估体系、探索多元补偿形式等完善宅基地退出的市场化补偿机制,内化农户机会成本损失。
It is important to establish the rational compensation standard of quitting rural residential land.This is an effective method to protect households’rights of land value increment sharing.This paper,taking Yangzhou City of Jiangsu Province as an example,establishes the compensation standard from two perspectives according to the connotation of opportunity cost:the opportunity cost of quitting rural residential land(including direct economic value,the land development right value and the rural lifestyle maintenance value),and the economic value of newly increased cropland(referring to the value of agricultural production).Then,we employ market substitute method,expenditure method,hypothetical development method,and income capitalization method to calculate different value.The results show that:①The difference between the opportunity cost of quitting rural residential land and the economic value of newly increased cropland is the loss of opportunity cost.The compensation standard based on opportunity cost is about 352.83 yuan/km2 which is 1.63 times of the existing standard.Compared with the existing standard,new compensation standard in the paper not only measures the direct economic value of rural residential land,including the value of housing security,renting and livestock breeding,but also highlights the land development right value which will be converted to built up land in the future and consumption saving of maintaining rural lifestyle.By doing this,the scope of the compensation is more reasonable.②Additionally,this compensation standard is economically feasible,as it is lower than the average benchmark land price of the lowest level urban construction land and the average land granting price in the previous year.We should pay more attention to the total loss of households and establish the cost benefit accounting system rationally.Meanwhile,we should establish the market oriented compensation mechanism through confirming property rights,improving evaluation system of rural land prices and exploring diversified compensation form to internalize the households’cost loss in the process of quitting rural residential land.
作者
付文凤
郭杰
欧名豪
易家林
FU Wen-feng;GUO Jie;OU Ming-hao;YI Jia-lin(College of Land Management,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210095,China;Center of Urban rural Joint Development and Land Management Innovation,Nanjing Jiangsu 210095,China;State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Rural Land Resources Utilization and Consolidation,Nanjing Jiangsu 210095,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第3期60-66,共7页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家自然科学基金"农村建设用地发展权转移增值收益共享研究:形成机理
分配策略及治理机制"(批准号:71774086)
国家自然科学基金"基于建设用地扩张对区域粮食生产影响评估的主体功能区差别化管制研究--以江苏省为例"(批准号:71774085)
江苏高校哲学社会科学优秀创新团队"城乡统筹与农村土地制度创新"(批准号:2015ZSTD004)
江苏省普通高校学术学位研究生科研创新计划项目"合作博弈视角下农村居民点用地整理收益分配机制研究"(批准号:KYLX16_1007)
关键词
机会成本
农村宅基地
补偿标准
opportunity cost
rural residential land
compensation standard
作者简介
付文凤,博士生,主要研究方向为土地利用规划与管理。E-mail:2014209020@njau.edu.cn;通讯作者:郭杰,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为土地利用规划与管理、土地利用变化及其生态效应。E-mail:guojie@njau.edu.cn
