摘要
在侵权法领域,违反保护性规范与过失之关联存在于行为标准与过失之间。就过失客观化趋势而言,无论是过失衡量标准的客观化,还是安全保障义务,都无法对此做出合理解释。基于对“表见证明”、“过失推定”及“过失证据”等规则的考察,可以发现该关联可被定性为“证明责任”。《中华人民共和国民法典》颁行后,合理界定保护性规范违反与过失之关系,有助于在权益保护与行为自由间实现均衡。对于普遍化的过失推定,应采取谨慎态度。
In tort law,the connection between violation of protective norms and negligence lies in the one between the behavior standard and negligence.As to the tendency towards the objectification of negligence,it is unable to give a reasonable explanation through the objectification of the standard of measurement of negligent and the obligation to maintain safety.Base on the examination of rules on"prima facie evidence","presumption of negligence"and"evidence of negligence",etc.,it can be found that the nature of such connection can be defined as"burden of proof".after the promulgation of the Civil Code,it is conducive to realize the equilibrium between the protection of interests and freedom of conducts through the reasonable determination of the relationship between protective norms and negligence.
出处
《政治与法律》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第4期32-48,共17页
Political Science and Law
关键词
违反保护性规范
行为标准
过失客观化
证明责任
Violation of Protective Norms
Standard of Conduct
the Objectification of Negligence
Burden of Proof
作者简介
孙大伟,上海社会科学院法学研究所副研究员、法学博士。
