摘要
在“两创”方针指引下,民间文学艺术法律保护的重心需要尽快转向私权保护。以民间文学艺术表达为核心概念的私权保护面临多重困境:对“民间文学艺术表达”或“民间文学艺术作品”的术语选择态度不明,特殊版权模式和新型知识产权模式均存在缺陷,以《征求意见稿》为代表的立法进程严重滞后。在民间文学艺术表达法律保护的多重迷雾中,可尝试探索表演者权保护的新路径。其正当性在于民间文学艺术表达具有“表演天赋”且可被邻接权体系接纳,并产生良性互动,亦是履行WPPT和《北京条约》义务、顺应国际立法趋势的必然要求。具体制度设计上,需注重民间文学艺术表达表演者权的特殊客体判断,明确多主体表演和视听作品中表演者的权利归属。表演者权保护路径存在局限性,未来应当避免过于激进的立法理念,循序渐进地构建完整的民间文学艺术表达法律保护体系。
Under the guidance of the“two innovations”policy,the focus of legal protection of folklore needs to be shifted to the protection of private rights as soon as possible.The protection of private rights with expressions of folklore as the core concept faces multiple dilemmas:the attitude towards the term selection of“expressions of folklore”or“folklore works”is unclear,and there are defects in both the special copyright model and the new intellectual property model.The legislative process represented by the draft of Regulation for Copyright Protection of Folklore Works is seriously lagging behind.In the multiple fogs of legal protection of the expressions of folklore,we can try to explore a new way of protecting the rights of performers.Its legitimacy is that the expression of folklore has“performance talent”and can have a benign interaction with the neighboring rights system.It is also an inevitable requirement for fulfilling WPPT and Beijing Treaty obligations and complying with international legislative trends.In the design of the specific system,it is necessary to pay attention to the special object judgment of the performer’s rights in expressions of folklore,and to clarify the rights of performers in multi-subject performances and audiovisual works.There are limitations in the protection of performers’rights.In the future,we should avoid overly radical legislative concepts,and gradually build a complete legal protection system for expressions of folklore.
出处
《法律科学（西北政法大学学报）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第4期126-137,共12页
Science of Law：Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law
基金
国家社科基金后期资助项目(19FFXB039)“文化遗产数字化的知识产权问题研究”
作者简介
易玲,中南大学法学院教授,中南大学中国文化法研究中心负责人,法学博士,博士生导师。
