摘要
对于行政违法与刑事犯罪的区分标准,"量(程度)的区别说"占据主流,这种区分理论在实践中难免会遭遇说理上的障碍且不利于具有普遍适用性的教义学规则的形成。规范目的系以目的解释为中心,又容纳了客观解释、体系解释的优势,相较单纯的法益理论,能够为司法出罪提供更多元的视角和更坚实的理据,也有助于从内、外双层视角确定具体法益的性质,进而更好地指导构成要件解释。将"行刑"两法置于体系性比较下才能更好地诠解各自的规范目的指向,在内部封闭的视阈下理解刑法规范,容易陷入"唯分类论"的形式泥沼从而对规范目的作出不妥适的解读。通过外围视角的横向比对可以得出结论,规制"行刑"衔接下的违反管理秩序型行为,"两法"存在规范目的上的"质"的差异,行政规范目的在于维护某种既成的行政管理秩序,而刑法规范则意在保护该秩序背后的与人相关的具体权益;罪状文义所描述的行为类型如果没有形成对这种具体权益的抽象危险,便缺乏成立犯罪的实质根据,应当据此排除构成要件该当。在"秩序"与这种具体权益处于重叠状态的个别情形下,便应从"可罚的违法"及"可罚的有责"上寻找"行刑"区分的"量"的根据。
For the standard of distinguishing administrative violation and criminal offence,the difference of quantity(degree)is the mainstream,this distinction theory inevitably encounters theoretical obstacles in practice and is not conducive to the formation of doctrinal rules with universal applicability.Normative purpose is centered on purpose interpretation,and it also accommodates the advantages of objective interpretation and systematic interpretation,compared with the simple theory of legal interests,it can provide more diverse perspectives and more solid grounds for judicial decriminalization,is also helpful to determine the nature of specific legal interests from both internal and external perspectives,and to better guide the interpretation of constituent elements.Only by comparing the"administrative-criminal"two laws in a systematic way can we better interpret their respective normative purposes,understanding the criminal law norms from the perspective of internal closure is apt to fall into the form of"categorization-only theory"and make inappropriate interpretation of the norm purpose.Through the horizontal comparison of peripheral perspectives,it can be concluded that there are differences in the"quality"of normative purposes between the"two laws"in order violating crimes,administrative norms aim at maintaining an established administrative order,while criminal norms aim at protecting the specific rights and interests related to people behind the order;if the act described in the law text do not form an abstract danger to such specific rights and interests,there will be no substantial basis for the establishment of a crime,and the constitutive elements should be excluded accordingly.In the exceptional case where"order"overlaps with such specific rights and interests,we should find the"quantity"basis from"punishable illegality"and"punishable responsibility"to distinguish“administrative-criminal”law.
出处
《人大法律评论》
2020年第2期202-229,共28页
Renmin University Law Review
基金
上海市浦江人才计划资助“刑事公正司法与‘反向排除’犯罪认定模式研究”(2020PJC096)的研究成果
关键词
规范目的
法益
违反管理秩序型行为
出罪
normative purpose
legal interests
the behavior of violating management order
decriminalization
作者简介
崔志伟,上海师范大学哲学与法政学院讲师
