摘要
以ChatGPT为代表的新一代生成式人工智能的产生具有革命性和划时代意义。生成式人工智能的存在和发展必然极大程度引发社会生产力的新一轮爆发,进而决定生产关系发生重大改变。时下ChatGPT等生成式人工智能仍然属于弱人工智能范围,但该技术的发展对传统刑法理论已经并将继续造成重大影响。ChatGPT等生成式人工智能可能改变传统犯罪的行为类型、影响刑事责任的分配与转移并且改变现有的刑事责任主体范围。不能因为ChatGPT等生成式人工智能不是人,而就一定不能成为刑事责任主体;不能因为ChatGPT等生成式人工智能没有生命,而就一定不具有刑事责任能力;不能因为ChatGPT等生成式人工智能没有人脑,而就一定不会具有独立意识意志(即辨认、控制能力);不能因为ChatGPT等生成式人工智无法具体适用现行刑法中的刑罚,而就一定不能成为刑事责任主体。ChatGPT等生成式人工智能与人类一样可能是同时受自然法则(他律的、自然律的因果性)和道德法则(自律的、由自由而来的因果性)支配的物种,从而推定其可能拥有自由意志,进而满足承担刑事责任或者成为刑事责任主体的最本质条件。
The new generation of generative artificial intelligence represented by ChatGPT is a new production tool with epochmaking significance,which will inevitably lead to a new round of social productivity explosion,which will further change production relations and social relations,and have an impact on existing criminal law theories such as the subject of criminal responsibility.Generative artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT may change the behavior types of traditional crimes,affect the distribution and transfer of criminal responsibility,and change the scope of the existing criminal responsibility subjects.It is not because generative artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT is not human,but it must not be the subject of criminal responsibility;it is not because generative artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT has no life,it must not have the ability of criminal responsibility;it is not because generative artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT has no mind,but it must not have conscious will(recognition and control ability);it is not because generative artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT cannot apply the punishment in the current criminal law,and cannot become the subject of criminal responsibility.Like human beings,generative artificial intelligence such as ChatGPT may also be governed by natural laws(heteronomy,causality of natural law)and moral laws(self-discipline,causality from freedom),so it is presumed that its It is possible to have free will,and thus meet the most essential conditions for assuming criminal responsibility or becoming the subject of criminal responsibility.
作者
刘宪权
LIU Xianquan(East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)
出处
《法学论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第2期18-28,共11页
Legal Forum
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“网络时代的社会治理与刑法体系的理论创新”(20&ZD199)的阶段性成果。
作者简介
刘宪权(1955-),男,上海人,法学博士,华东政法大学功勋教授、“经天学者”讲席教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向:刑法学。
