摘要
《民法典》中公共利益概念有抽象表达和具体表达两种语词表达形式,二者均具有多样表达样态,广泛分布于《民法典》。前者的具体指向较为模糊和不确定,后者可以被细分为主体公共性的表达和利益内容公共性的表达两种样态。抽象表达和具体表达的不同样态之间在形式上体现为属种关系、全异关系等逻辑关系,内容上体现了利益的纯公共性和准公共性。《民法典》的公共利益条款多属于充分条件假言规范命题,公共利益主要位于命题的前件部分,不仅会影响规范的性质,还能限制私权的权能、证成强制行为的正当性和成为公共所有权制度的建构基础。《民法典》中公共利益概念实践运用的关键在于司法具体化,其具体化进路具有一定的自然主义倾向。利益公共性的概括判定可借鉴公共物品的判定方法,具体判定可以通过运用动态体系论实现。
“Public interest”in Civil Code has two forms of expression,abstract expression and concrete expression.Both have a variety of expression patterns and a wide distribution of provisions.The specific reference of the former is vague and uncertain,while the latter can be subdivided into two types,the expression of the publicity of the subject and the expression of the publicity of the interest content.The different forms of abstract expression and concrete expression are reflected in form as logical relationships such as the relation of species and its genus,relation of genus and its species,and utterly different relation.While in content,they reflect the pure publicity and quasi-publicity of interests.Most of the public interest clauses in Civil Code belong to the sufficient condition hypothetical proposition,and the public interest is mainly located in the antecedent part of the proposition.The public interest not only affects the nature of norms,but also limits the powers or functions of private rights,justifies compulsive behavior,and serves as the foundation for the construction of the public ownership system.The key to the practical application of the concept of public interest in Civil Code lies in judicial concretization,and its approach to concretization has a naturalistic tendency.The general judgment of the publicity can draw inspiration from the judgment methods of public goods,and the specific judgment can be achieved through the application of dynamic system theory.
出处
《法制与社会发展》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第5期148-167,共20页
Law and Social Development
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“民法典中的不确定法律概念研究”(21YJC820037)
重庆市教委人文社会科学研究规划项目“英烈人格权益保护条款的司法适用研究”(22SKGH036)
甘肃省人民检察院检察理论研究课题“检察机关支持个人信息保护民事公益诉讼制度研究”(GSJC2024-35-01)的阶段性成果
关键词
《民法典》
公共利益
立法表达
规制功能
具体化
Civil Code
Public Interest
Legislative Expression
Function of Regulation
Concretization
作者简介
孙宗龙,西南政法大学行政法学院讲师、硕士生导师。
