尊尊之义:从丧服制度看中国传统政治伦理的情感原则被引量：6

The Righteousness of Zun Zun(Respect):The Emotional Principle of Traditional Chinese Political Ethics from the Perspective of Mourning Dress System

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摘要本文通过追溯当下政府行为特点背后的思想渊源,展开对中国传统政治秩序内在精神的理论探索。研究发现,中国传统政治秩序的构建在起源处就与基于家户财产的家父长制支配不同,强调基于人性中的尊尊之义来构建从父到君的政治伦理。以君臣上下为主的传统政治秩序的内在精神主要是尊尊之义与道义原则,这两个维度以人的仁义之性为基础,调整着政治秩序中君臣关系的具体样态,并以礼制的形式塑造出一套关系伦理,型塑着中国人的心智结构。这一关系伦理虽然在历史与现实中难以完全实现,但仍然对政治秩序有着根本性影响。 This article provides a theoretical exploration of the inherent spirit of the traditional Chinese political order.The study suggests that the establishment of Chinese political order is different at its origin from the power of paternal patriarchal system based on family property.Instead,it emphasizes the principle of ZunZun and righteousness of human nature in the establishment of a political order from Father(family)to Emperor(country).In Chinese civilization,there is a profound human foundation behind ethical relations,namely,benevolence and righteousness,which have the same ideological depth and height just as the rational tradition of the West.It became the source of the persistence of these private relationships in the process of modernization.Consequently,the Chinese have much more complex emotional principles besides power and interests when dealing with political various relationships.In politics,the inner emotional principle of political ethics,dominated by the monarch-subject ethics,was mainly the principle of ZunZun and righteousness.These two dimensions maintained and adjusted the specific patterns of monarch-subject relationship in the political order.On the one hand,in a hierarchical political structure,the monarch and his subjects should appropriately express their respect for each other in accordance with different rank positions;on the other hand,the moral code of emperor-subjects dictated that when the monarch became insolent and failed to abide by morality,out of self-respect his subjects could withdraw their support.This emperor-subject ethics with the emphasis on the righteousness of ZunZun,pondered and refined by Confucian sages,was condensed into the gigantic ritual system and it shaped the mental structure of the Chinese people.Although this relational ethics is difficult to be fully realized in history and reality,it still has a fundamental impact on the Chinese political order.

作者李松涛 LI Songtao(School of Sociology and Political Science,Shanghai University)

机构地区上海大学社会学院

出处《社会》 CSSCI 北大核心 2022年第6期79-106,共28页 Chinese Journal of Sociology

关键词政府行为君臣伦理亲亲尊尊仁义 governmental behavior monarch and ministers QinQin ZunZun benevolence

分类号 D092 [政治法律—政治学] B82-051 [哲学宗教—伦理学]

作者简介李松涛,上海大学社会学院,E-mail:lisongtaopku@163.com