摘要
在近代城市人口流动增大的背景下,有必要对基于差序格局的社会关系运作方式有何变化展开深入探讨。虽然民国时期京津两地人口流动规模较大,但其城市文化在旗人生活方式的影响下依然重视基于血缘伦理的礼数。通过分析反映京津城市文化的丧礼相声可以发现,在人口流动与城市文化碰撞下,京津平民倾向于接纳外人与陌生人进入其丧服体系,亦即差序格局的核心圈层,以完成礼数的正常运行。民国时期京津平民的社会关系运作逻辑基于“义利之辨”的“交情”与“占便宜”,“交情”使外人、陌生人得以进入差序格局核心圈层,而“占便宜”则是外人、陌生人调适自身在差序格局中的合理位置的过程。
With the increase of urban population mobility in modern China,it is necessary to discuss in depth the changes in the operational mode of social relations that are based on the different patterns of association.During the period of the Republic of China,Beijing and Tianjin were the biggest cities in northern China,and the scale of population movement was large,resulting in fewer blood related relatives than strangers and outsiders in social relations among the people.At the same time,under the influence of Manchus’lifestyle,the urban culture of Beijing and Tianjin still attached great importance to the ritual gradation based on blood relation,manifested in stipulating everyone’s status and behavior standards in accordance with blood relation ethics.By analyzing funeral crosswalks(Xiangsheng)that reflected the urban culture of Beijing and Tianjin of the period,this paper argues that due to the dominant presence of migrant population,the pressure of family opinions gave way to the more tolerant community public opinions.Facing the shortage of blood relatives to carry out the normative procedure of ritual gradation,people began to embrace outsiders and strangers into the core circle of differentiated association of their mourning system.In this process,the operational logic of social relationship relied on“the distinction between righteousness and gains”,reflected as“friendship”and“taking advantage”.In the absence of blood relatives,the“friendship”based on“righteousness”enabled outsiders and strangers to enter the core circle of the differential mode of association,while“taking advantage”meant not only the pursuit of self-interest,but also the process where in the outsiders and strangers could adjust their positions appropriate to the differential mode of association.
作者
李小东
LI Xiaodong(History School,Northwest Universit)
出处
《社会》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第6期160-187,共28页
Chinese Journal of Sociology
关键词
关系运作
民国时期的京津城市文化
丧礼相声
差序格局
the operation mode of social relations
urban culture of Beijing and Tianjin in Republic of China
funeral Xiangsheng
the differential mode of association
作者简介
李小东,西北大学历史学院,E-mail:2240352257@qq.com
