摘要
数字经济时代,数据要素作为助推新质生产力发展的核心动能,其价值释放面临全生命周期法律风险的结构性挑战。本文基于生命周期理论解构数据要素从资源化、资产化到资本化的演进逻辑,揭示技术架构缺陷与制度规范滞后叠加引发的复合型风险:资源化阶段聚焦数据采集偏差和存储合规危机,资产化阶段凸显权属模糊和定价失灵,资本化阶段则暴露跨境流动主权冲突和金融异化隐患。传统治理模式因规则碎片化、监管表层化难以应对数据流动性带来的系统性风险,亟需构建穿透式治理范式。穿透式监管通过技术审查直击算法黑箱本质,以动态规则适配消解法律滞后性,依托多元共治重构权责分配体系,实现数据确权、流通与风险防控的深度协同。结合监管沙盒的风险压力测试和算法问责的合规嵌入机制,以“技术-规则-场景”三维联动的立体治理框架,推动治理逻辑从形式合规向实质正义转型,为数字经济高质量发展提供兼具稳定性和弹性的制度基础设施,促进数据要素安全可控与价值释放的动态均衡。
In the digital economy era,data factors serve as the core driving force propelling the development of new quality productive forces.How-ever,the realization of their value faces structural challenges posed by legal risks throughout their entire lifecycle.This article deconstructs the evolu-tionary logic of data factors from resourceization,assetization,to capitalization based on the life cycle theory,revealing the compound risks caused by the overlap of technical architecture defects and lagging institutional norms:the resourceization stage focuses on data collection biases and storage compliance cri-ses,the assetization stage highlights unclear owner-ship and pricing failures,and the capitalization stage exposes cross-border flow sovereignty conflicts and financial alienation risks.Traditional governance models,characterized by fragmented rules and superficial regulation,are ill-equipped to address the systemic risks posed by data liquidity,necessitating the establishment of a penetrative governance paradigm.Penetrative regulation directly addresses the essence of algorithmic black boxes through technical reviews,mitigates legal lag through dynamic rule adaptation,and reconfigures the allocation of rights and responsibilities through multi-stakeholder governance,achieving deep synergy between data rights confirmation,circulation,and risk prevention.By integrating risk stress testing through regulatory sandboxes and compliance-embedded mechanisms for algorithmic accountability,a three-dimensional governance framework linking‘technology-rules-scenarios'can be established to drive a transformation in governance logic from formal compliance to substantive justice.This provides a stable and resilient institutional infrastructure for high-quality development of the digital economy,promoting a dynamic equilibrium between the secure control and value realization of data factors.
作者
王力康
刘念
Wang Likang;Liu Nian
出处
《宏观经济研究》
北大核心
2025年第7期39-55,共17页
Macroeconomics
基金
河北省教育厅科学研究项目“数据要素赋能新质生产力法治保障体系建设研究”(BJ2025254)的主要研究成果
河北省社会科学基金项目“基于河北省基本医疗保障或医疗产业发展的法和经济学研究”(HB24FX017)的资助
关键词
数据要素
新质生产力
法律风险
穿透式治理
生命周期理论
Data factor
New quality pro-ductive forces
Legal risk
Penetrative governance
Life cycle theory
作者简介
通讯作者:刘念。
