刑法中“遗忘物”的界定及其占有判断

On the Definition of“Mislaid Property”in Criminal Law and the Determination of Its Possession

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摘要遗忘物和遗失物作为法律领域内的概念,理当承认其术语的差异化。对于遗忘物的界定及其与遗失物的区分不能仅凭概念进行,需要将其置于具体的占有存在状态并结合其自身特征、遗置场所等,综合各种客观因素及侵占罪和盗窃罪的保护法益及构成要件进行认定。刑法中遗忘物的界定应在侵占罪保护法益的指导下,将日常生活用语中的“遗忘”之物目的性限缩解释为可能成为侵占罪对象之物,并包含特定情形下物主所“遗失”之物。对于财物脱离物主直接持有后的占有判断,应以财物是否处于物主的事实占有和观念占有而展开;对于财物脱离物主直接持有后处于有特定管理人的公共活动空间中的占有认定,应摒弃“双重控制说”,直接通过物主的事实占有及观念占有等思路依次进行判断。 Mislaid property and lost property as concepts in legal field should be acknowledged as distinct terms.The definition of mislaid property and its distinction from lost property cannot be made solely on the basis of conceptual analysis,and instead it is necessary to make the determination by placing such property in concrete state of possessory existence,and in combination of its inherent characteristics and the place where it was left,comprehensively considering objective factors,and the protected legal interests against and constitutive elements of the crimes of embezzlement and theft.The mislaid property in criminal law should be defined under the guidance of the protected legal interest against the crime of embezzlement,by purposefully narrowing explain the"mislaid"property in daily language to property that could be the object of the crime of embezzlement,and including property that the owner has"lost"but subsequently claimed for return in certain circumstances.Regarding the determination of possession after the property has detached from the owner's immediate physical control,it is necessary to examine whether the property remains in the owner's factual possession or conceptual possession.Regarding the decision of possession of the property that lies in a publicly accessible space under the management of a specific person after detaching from the owner's immediate physical control,it is necessary to discard the"dual-control theory"and make the determination directly through the approaches of factual and conceptual possession by the owner se quentially.

作者赵拥军 ZHAO Yongjun

机构地区上海大学法学院

出处《政治与法律》北大核心 2025年第8期79-96,共18页 Political Science and Law

关键词遗忘物遗失物事实占有观念占有 Mislaid Property Lost Property Factual Possession Conceptua l Possession

分类号 DF626 [政治法律—刑法学]

作者简介赵拥军,上海大学法学院助理研究员、法学博士。