摘要
人肉搜索的刑法规制面临明确法律定义缺失、规范体系不足、处理已公开个人信息的刑法评价、多元复杂利益平衡等难题。美国、德国、荷兰、我国香港地区对人肉搜索的刑法规制进行了新的探索,其共通性的有益经验值得借鉴。人肉搜索的定义应强调个人信息散布行为及其引发的后续法益侵害或侵害风险。人肉搜索具有复杂的法益侵害性,具体的法益侵害取决于行为人所采取的信息获取手段和信息散布方式。我国刑法规范体系应明确人肉搜索的行为构成,设置独立的罪量标准,回应侵犯公民个人信息罪中的特殊法律适用问题。人肉搜索属于非常规的已公开个人信息处理行为,不符合前置法免责条件,仍可构成侵犯公民个人信息罪。人肉搜索可在例外情形中出罪,但应具备特定的类型条件,且受到关联性和必要性原则的限制。
The criminal law regulation of doxing is beset with challenges,including the absence of a clear legal definition,the inadequacy of the normative system,the criminal law evaluation of processing publicly available personal information,and the balance of complex and diverse interests.The United States,Germany,the Netherlands,and Hong Kong SAR of China have each developed novel regulato-ry approaches to doxing,and their common beneficial experiences are worth learning.The definition of doxing should emphasize the act of disseminating personal information and the subsequent infringement or infringement risk of legal interests.The legal interest infringement associated with doxing is complex.Its specific form is dependent on how the information is acquired and disseminated by the perpetrator.China's criminal law system should clarify the behavioral components of doxing,set up independent stan-dards for quantitative elements of crime,and respond to special legal application issues in the crime of infringing on citizens'personal information.Doxing represents an unconventional behavior of processing publicly available personal information.It does not meet the exemption conditions stipulated in the prior laws and may still constitute the crime of infringing on citizens'personal information.Doxing can be de-criminalized in exceptional circumstances,but it should meet specific type conditions and be subject to the principles of relevance and necessity.
出处
《比较法研究》
北大核心
2025年第3期136-150,共15页
Journal of Comparative Law
基金
司法部法治建设与法学理论研究部级科研项目“网络暴力视域下人肉搜索的刑法规制研究”(项目编号:24SFB3016)的研究成果。
关键词
人肉搜索
网络暴力
已公开个人信息
利益平衡
出罪事由
doxing
cyber violence
publicly available personal information
balance of interests
circumstances for decriminalization
作者简介
王华伟,北京大学法学院助理教授,法学博士。
