摘要
个人信息处理行为的结果一般会形成有价值的数据集,并进入数据市场交易。为调节各方利益,将比例原则引入个人数据交易法律行为不仅具有可行性,且具有重大的理论意义和实践价值。对该领域是否存在“禁止过度”的情况进行诊断和分析,在捍卫私法自治价值的基础上,平衡各主体的权利和自由,可以推动个人数据交易法律行为在理念和制度层面的更新,培育数据交易市场与服务生态。一方面,为进一步明确国家干预个人数据交易的边界,可引入比例原则对个人数据交易法律行为的效力进行诊断分析。另一方面,为培育“公平、诚信”之数据交易市场,法律应当合理平衡个人数据交易市场中各参与方的利益,并在个人数据侵权损害赔偿中引入比例原则之均衡性原则予以适当调整。比例原则以其动态的形态优势契合了数据交易流通的动态特征,此乃以原则确权的法律范式转型。但由于比例原则并没有提供明确的判断标准与适用方法,法院即使考虑了所有主客观因素,也面临适用难题。为减少比例原则在个人数据交易法律行为中适用的主观性与不确定性,有必要拓展出比例原则的效力裁判规则与赔偿裁判规则。在效力裁判中,比例原则的三个子原则各司其职;在赔偿裁判中,均衡性原则需通过情节得以细化,并配合“事实问题商谈模式”以辅助司法裁判。
Certain personal data processing activities usually result in the creation of valuable data sets that enter the data market for trade.To balance the interests of all parties involved,introducing the proportionality principle into the legal transactions of personal data is not only feasible but also holds significant theoretical and practical value.This study examines whether there is an issue of“prohibition of excess”in this field,and,based on the protection of private law autonomy,it aims to balance the rights and freedoms of the parties involved.Such an approach could promote updates in both the conceptual and institutional aspects of legal transactions involving personal data and foster the growth of data trading markets and service ecosystems.On one hand,to clarify the boundaries of state intervention in personal data transactions,the proportionality principle can be applied to diagnose the legal effectiveness of these transactions.On the other hand,to cultivate a“fair and honest”data trading market,the law should reasonably balance the interests of all participants in the personal data market and introduce the balancing principle of the proportionality doctrine in cases involving personal data infringement and compensation.The dynamic nature of the proportionality principle aligns well with the ever-evolving characteristics of data circulation,making it a fitting tool for the legal paradigm shift toward principle-based rights establishment.However,since the proportionality principle does not provide clear standards for judgment or methods for application,courts,even when considering all subjective and objective factors,still face difficulties in its application.To reduce the subjectivity and uncertainty of applying the proportionality principle in legal transactions involving personal data,it is necessary to expand and specify the rules for judicial decisions regarding the principle’s effectiveness and compensation.In effectiveness adjudication,the three sub-principles of the proportionality principle should each fulfill their respective roles.In compensation adjudication,the balancing principle should be refined according to specific circumstances,complemented by a“fact-based negotiation model”to assist judicial decisions.
作者
罗熠琛
许娟
LUO Yichen;XU Juan(School of Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;School of Big Data and Law,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)
出处
《重庆邮电大学学报(社会科学版)》
2025年第3期56-67,共12页
Journal of Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Social Science Edition)
基金
研究阐释党的二十届三中全会精神国家社科基金重大专项:数据产权归属认定、市场交易、权益分配、利益保护四位一体的制度构建研究(24ZDA025)
湖北省高级人民法院全省法院司法研究重大课题:司法服务保障新业态发展重点问题研究。
关键词
比例原则
个人数据交易
民事法律行为
合同效力
损害赔偿
principle of proportionality
personal data transactions
civil legal acts
contract effectiveness
compensation for damages
作者简介
罗熠琛,博士研究生,主要从事民商法学、数据法学研究,E-mail:luoyichen0612@163.com;许娟,教授,大数据法治研究院院长,主要从事数据治理研究,E-mail:003068@nuist.edu.cn。
