摘要
抽象危险犯的入罪门槛低于具体危险犯,实践中不时会把具体危险犯误认为抽象危险犯进而入罪,其中既有以形式说理解抽象危险犯的因素,也有对抽象危险犯法定刑配置认识不足的问题。立足于我国司法现实,对抽象危险犯的认定应当坚持实质说。根据构成要件的描述来区分抽象危险犯和具体危险犯的实际意义较为有限,抽象危险犯和具体危险犯的真正区别在于危险程度的不同。法定刑可以作为区分两者的初步标准,抽象危险犯的法定最高刑不宜超过3年有期徒刑。在以法定刑作为形式区分标准的前提下,还需要基于实质说来具体判断抽象危险犯。在我国抽象危险犯和具体危险犯的立法例一体化的情形下,同一或不同的法定刑幅度内不同的危险犯类型可能并存,对于基本法定刑是5年以下有期徒刑的危险犯,要在该法定刑幅度内再区分具体类型。此外,对抽象危险犯的认定还应结合构成要件特征、法益保护目的、前置法等进行体系化判断。
The threshold of conviction of abstract dangerous crime is lower than that of concrete dangerous crime,and in practice,concrete dangerous crime may be mistaken as abstract dangerous crime and thus be convicted,which includes both the factor of understanding abstract dangerous crime by the formal theory,and the problem of insufficient understanding of the statutory penalty configuration of abstract dangerous crime.Based on the judicial practice in China,the determination of abstract dangerous crimes should adhere to the substantive theory.According to the description of the constituent elements to distinguish between abstract dangerous crime and concrete dangerous crime is of limited practical significance,the real difference between abstract dangerous crime and concrete dangerous crime is the difference in the degree of danger.The statutory penalty can be used as a preliminary criterion to distinguish between the two,and the statutory maximum penalty for an abstract dangerous crime cannot exceed three years’imprisonment.Under the premise of using the statutory penalty as the formal differentiation criterion,it is also necessary to judge the abstract dangerous crime based on the substance.In the case of the integration of the legislation of abstract dangerous crime and concrete dangerous crime in China,different types of dangerous crime may co-exist within the same or different statutory penalty range,and for dangerous crime whose basic statutory penalty is less than five years’fixed-term imprisonment,it is necessary to distinguish the types of dangerous crime within the range of the statutory penalty again.In addition,the determination of abstract dangerous crime should also be systematically judged in combination with the characteristics of constituent elements,the purpose of legal interest protection,and the antecedent law.
出处
《法学》
北大核心
2025年第4期74-91,共18页
Law Science
关键词
抽象危险犯
危险程度
法定刑
实质说
体系化判断
abstract dangerous crime
degree of danger
statutory penalty
substantive theory
systematic judgment
