摘要
明代俗、法中的财礼返还规范,在返还主体、范围与形式、情形与比例等层面存在诸多冲突。究其原因,律文的有限性、抽象性、统一性以及滞后性,决定了立法对婚娶实践的包容度远不如地方习俗。明代民间礼的“俗化”亦使财礼返还习俗盛行不止。这致使财礼纠纷化解陷入“俗、法两难”尴尬境地。对此,司法官秉持“以财为要”的司法原则,以财礼为开启诉讼的要端、听讼断狱的凭据,以及调和两造利益的砝码,从而规范民间婚娶行为,平衡涉诉各方利益,妥善化解财礼纠纷。以史为鉴,当前我国彩礼纠纷司法化解中,应进一步规范彩礼习惯的司法认定与适用,在诉前调解中适当引入第三人代为履行规则,并参考彩礼的实质性特征判断彩礼返还范围,以修复性司法理念为导向认定彩礼返还的情形与比例。
In the Ming Dynasty,there were many conflicts in the norms regarding the return of betrothal gifts between customs and laws,including the subject,scope,form,circumstances,and proportion of the return.Investigating the reasons,we find that the limitations,abstractness,unity,and lag of the law caused legislative tolerance towards marriage practices to be far less than that of local customs.The customization of folk rites led to the disturbingly prevalent return of betrothal gifts,which resulted in a dilemma for judges in deciding whether to rely onlaw or custom.Therefore,judicial officers upheld the principle ofprioritizing betrothal gifts,making them the key and basis for resolving disputes to achieve harmony between official law and customs.Drawing lessons from history,in the current judicial practice of returning betrothal gifts,it is necessary to further standardize the judicial recognition and application of dowry customs and introduce a third-party performance system.
作者
丁柯宏
张全民
Ding Kehong;Zhang Quanmin
出处
《民间法》
2024年第2期413-434,共22页
关键词
明代
财礼返还
习俗
司法融通
Ming Dynasty
Betrothal Gifts Returning
Collision between Law and Ethic
Judicial Integration
作者简介
丁柯宏,法律硕士,湘潭大学法学院硕士研究生;张全民,史学博士,湘潭大学法学院教授、博士生导师。
